
Non Fear
Thích Nhất HạnhThe Retreat on Buddhist Psychology continues in Key West, Florida. The date is November 9, 1997. This is the final talk in the series.
Transcript
Summary
The talk presents a sustained teaching on Buddhist psychology, dependent origination, and the practice of awakening through mindfulness. It centers on verses from a text on consciousness and explains how reality is commonly divided by the conceptual mind into pairs of opposites such as subject and object, self and other, inside and outside, birth and death, being and non-being, and coming and going. The speaker repeatedly emphasizes that these opposites are not separate realities but interdependent constructions. Consciousness is described as having three aspects: the subject of cognition, the object of cognition, and the wholeness that contains both. In this view, thinking, anger, perception, and even identity arise only through mutual support between these elements. A major theme is interbeing: nothing exists independently, and all phenomena arise through conditions. The talk explains that production and disintegration, or birth and death, occur simultaneously in every moment. A cell dies to make room for another cell; a cloud disappears yet continues as rain or river; a person who seems gone remains present through conditions and continuation. This leads to the teaching of no coming, no going, no being, and no non-being. The speaker links this to nirvana and suchness, presenting nirvana not as a distant goal but as the freedom from conceptual grasping available in the present moment. The talk also develops a detailed explanation of consciousness in terms of Buddhist Abhidharma and Yogacara thought. It discusses store consciousness, seeds, mental formations, and maturation at the base. The speaker outlines four conditions necessary for manifestation: the primary cause, the object cause, supporting causes, and continuity. These are illustrated with examples such as a corn seed, a flower, an orange, and even the Big Bang. Space and time are presented as two aspects of the same reality, not separate absolutes. The speaker argues that what appears as space can also be understood as time, and vice versa, depending on how reality manifests. Another important section contrasts deluded mind and true mind. Deluded mind is described as consciousness clouded by ignorance, fear, anger, and imaginary construction, which perpetuates samsara and suffering. True mind, by contrast, is the transformed consciousness that can touch the fulfilled nature of reality, called parinispanna or nishpanna in the talk. Meditation on interdependence is presented as the means to transform delusion into illumination. The speaker stresses that enlightenment is not elsewhere; it is already present in the garbage, in delusion, and in birth and death when seen deeply. Flower and garbage, samsara and nirvana, affliction and enlightenment are said to inter-are. The practice dimension is central. The speaker urges conscious breathing, mindful looking, and daily mindfulness as ways to water the seeds of enlightenment already present in store consciousness. Mindfulness is described as an energy comparable to sunlight: just as sunlight transforms vegetation, mindfulness transforms mental formations, including anger and suffering. The talk also introduces the idea of internal knots, latent tendencies, and transformation at the base, or ashraya paravritti, as the deepest level of healing and liberation. The present moment is portrayed as containing both past and future, so skillful attention to the present can transform one’s whole life. A significant pastoral and compassionate dimension appears in the discussion of death and dying. The speaker recounts the story of Anathapindika, who was guided by Sariputra and Ananda to contemplate the Three Jewels, the body, and the elements in order to die peacefully and without fear. Another moving story describes visiting Alfred Hassler, a peace activist, while he was dying; through singing, touch, and recollection of his life of service, the speaker and companions helped him reconnect with happiness and peace. These stories illustrate the gift of non-fear, which the speaker identifies as the greatest gift one can offer others, especially the dying. The talk concludes by situating the 50 verses within the broader history of Buddhist scholasticism, mentioning Buddhaghosa’s Visuddhimagga, Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakosha, Asanga’s Mahayana Samgraha, Xuanzang, and the development of Yogacara and Mahayana thought. The speaker presents the verses as a synthesis of many traditions, intended to make the study of mind accessible and practical. The final message is one of encouragement: by practicing mindfulness, taking refuge in the Sangha, and cultivating non-fear, listeners can transform themselves and contribute to the well-being of others and the world.
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