…thinks about something, he can directly actualize it. But the problem is that, as we learned from Kant, as well as from Freud, this gap of finitude is at the same time the resource of our creativity. The distance between mere thought and causal…

…subject just provokes the master with a demand for a stronger master while a pervert goes to the end. No, Lacan and already Freud made it very clear that a pervert is a perfect subject. That every power, the more authoritarian it is, the more it needs…

…The hysterical position is questioning. The hysterical position is... And this is why... And you know why I like here Freud and Lacan? Because here they are effectively much more feminists. You know, behind this apparently critical celebration of perversion…

…its best. Psychoanalysis, and sorry, but this is how I read, and I agree with you if your point would be that Freud doesn't really do it. It is problematic. But nonetheless, as a program motto, Freud's Civilization and its Discontent, means that there is…

…symptoms of something which in our society as such is wrong, and in this sense, here I see a parallel justified one between Freud and Marx in the same way as for Marx. Social crisis is not things that didn't function well. Social crisis is the starting…

…things that didn't function well. Social crisis is the starting point to understand how society really functions. And in the same way for Freud, symptoms are the only way to, the key to understand how our personalities are formed and so on and so on. So…

…to ultimately And because, you know, the problem is which of our experiences really are individual. It's not only described by Freud crowd phenomena and so on. You know, it's an immense problem usually not answered about individuality. What does it mean,…

…only way to keep revolutionary dynamic is to do that. So again, I think it's a wonderful topic if you read Marx through Freud, Hegel, how many of this, especially, I would say, not only in Capital, but in his... analysis of 48, all of them revolution,…

…violate the prohibition, but you are even more guilty if you obey it, which explains the superego paradox, formulated clearly by Freud. The more you obey the commands of the superego, the more you are guilty. Freud brings this fundamental ambiguity of the…

…the superego paradox, formulated clearly by Freud. The more you obey the commands of the superego, the more you are guilty. Freud brings this fundamental ambiguity of the superego agency when you violate the moral standard you are guilty when you don't use…

…are guilty, if you are innocent, you are even more guilty, accounts for another reversal of common sense, which concerns what Freud called strafbedürfnis, the need to be punished. the weird satisfaction provided by a painful punishment. It is not the crime…

…to be punished come from? Instead of grounding it directly in some kind of primordial masochism, striving for pleasure in pain, Freud proposes a more complex scenario which concerns his basic matrix of socialization of entering a legal order. It is, you…

…The idea is that to be a legal subject, subjected to legal order, means to be potentially in your desire criminal. Freud elaborated this scenario in his well-known analysis of Dostoevsky's Karamazov Brothers, in which a group of brothers is, as you all…

…nice quote, a longer one, I'm sorry, from a Karamazov brother, sorry, from Freud's study, Dostoevsky and Parisite, I quote from Freud. It is a matter of indifference who actually committed the crime. Psychology is only concerned to know who desired it…

…it was done. And for that reason, all of the brothers, except the contrasted figure of Alyosha, but I don't buy here Freud, you know, there's nonetheless a little bit of sympathy I have for Dostoevsky. Do you know that Karamazov Brothers is an unfinished…

…innocent bystanders who profited from the crime since the Criminals Act delivered them from the need to murder. In this sense, as Freud wrote it, The criminal is almost a redeemer who has taken on himself the guilt which must otherwise have been borne by…

…that this eternal fear that we are Islamophobic is not the right way. It makes us more and more guilty, and as Freud always emphasized, guilt is always justified. We are guilty because this procedure is false. It doesn't really clear us. For me, it's…

…basically for me, has absolutely nothing. The key for me is what I always repeat, that if you really read closely, even Freud, you see that death drive, if anything, is Freudian name for immortality. Death drive is not all that bullshit, ooh, I want…

…Yeah, but this is not the crowd in the Freudian sense. Ah, ah, ah. Here I'm a quite naive Marxist leftist and claim what Freud is describing in his crowd formation, this immersion into unity and so on and so on. This is, there are crowds and crowds.…

…this immersion into unity and so on and so on. This is, there are crowds and crowds. Because let's be very specific. Freud gives two, maybe that's how I would begin with it. Remember that Freud gives two examples of artificial crowds. Church and the…

…there are crowds and crowds. Because let's be very specific. Freud gives two, maybe that's how I would begin with it. Remember that Freud gives two examples of artificial crowds. Church and the army. And he treats them as the same. Well, I think there is…

…more and more, I'm personally... Because, first, as a person, I find it so disgusting. Maybe this is a way of what Freud calls widerstand, resistance to analysis, you know. But, like... If you look deep into me, you will probably discover some shit, you…

…model which, no wonder, can be immediately accepted indoors by New Agers and so on, Jungians especially. In the opposition between Freud and Jung, Freud was here a true Hegelian in contrast to Jung's pseudo-Hegelian compensation theory. What do I mean by…

…wonder, can be immediately accepted indoors by New Agers and so on, Jungians especially. In the opposition between Freud and Jung, Freud was here a true Hegelian in contrast to Jung's pseudo-Hegelian compensation theory. What do I mean by this? You know,…

…in contrast to Jung's pseudo-Hegelian compensation theory. What do I mean by this? You know, where is the difference really between Freud and Jung? It's not just that, I don't know, for Jung there is one desexualized libido, for Freud eros and thanatos…

…the difference really between Freud and Jung? It's not just that, I don't know, for Jung there is one desexualized libido, for Freud eros and thanatos and so on. No, the fundamental difference is somewhere else. Freud was a materialist. You know, in what…

…for Jung there is one desexualized libido, for Freud eros and thanatos and so on. No, the fundamental difference is somewhere else. Freud was a materialist. You know, in what sense? For Freud, for example, when he describes symptoms and so on, he always…

…and thanatos and so on. No, the fundamental difference is somewhere else. Freud was a materialist. You know, in what sense? For Freud, for example, when he describes symptoms and so on, he always emphasized that we are not talking about some kind of a…

…buy it somewhere, they already printed a book with all the people to arrest. And they made this stupid mistake, you know, 1940, Freud was already dead, they still list, you know, Freud up there to arrest. No, I'm composing a similar book when we take…

…with all the people to arrest. And they made this stupid mistake, you know, 1940, Freud was already dead, they still list, you know, Freud up there to arrest. No, I'm composing a similar book when we take over. No, no, but what I want to say, Norman…

…There is a wonderful passage in... Freud's reading of his big analysis of paranoia, the so-called Judge Schreber case, where Freud says something very important, which is usually misunderstood. Freud says that in a paranoiac system, what we usually take as…

…of his big analysis of paranoia, the so-called Judge Schreber case, where Freud says something very important, which is usually misunderstood. Freud says that in a paranoiac system, what we usually take as the sign of madness is, on the contrary, an attempt…

…It is forbidden to touch a hair on their little blonde heads, as if children had rediscovered that angelic purity on which Freud managed to cast some doubt. And it is undoubtedly the diabolical figure of Freud that we condemn today, seeing him as the…

…had rediscovered that angelic purity on which Freud managed to cast some doubt. And it is undoubtedly the diabolical figure of Freud that we condemn today, seeing him as the one who, by uncovering the relationship of childhood to sexuality, quite simply…

…sexuality and cognition. That's the other aspect which is not so often noted, but which is absolutely crucial for Freud. that earth. Children's sexuality is not some Deleuzian polymorphously perverse paradise of, I don't know, these masturbatory pre-genital…

…these are childish fantasies, but then, when you reach puberty, you know, fuck is fuck, forget about all this. No. The point of Freud is, fuck is never fuck. You need fantasy to the end. That's what Lacan means by there is no sexual relationship. Of…

…in contrast to the heterosexual couple. That's the basic thesis of Lacan, that if you look at these institutions which are for Freud in his... crowd group psychology and analysis of the ego the model of groups army church they are full of this famous…

…drives mechanisms of incorporation anal destruction and so on what they feel threatened by is precisely a couple copulation And Freud says this directly in his group psychology. I quote Freud, directly sexual tendencies are unfavorable to the formation of…

…they feel threatened by is precisely a couple copulation And Freud says this directly in his group psychology. I quote Freud, directly sexual tendencies are unfavorable to the formation of groups. Two people coming together for the purpose of sexual…

…manager of speculation who thought, fuck all ideas, it's just about money and so on and so on. That's the point. And Freud also knew this. When he said clearly, insofar as cynicism clinically means perverse position, that far from being the most open…

…most open attitude, like hysterics only half dream about it, but perverts go to the end. They do everything openly. No. Freud says that... the unconscious is most inaccessible, most difficult to penetrate in perverts. Perverts are not people with the least…

…and so on. I think this is maybe the most dangerous illusion that there is. If there is something to be learned from Freud, It is that precisely this type of perverse, cynical openness is at the same time the greatest illusion. You are really in…

…softer, but makes it even much more brutal. sadistic and so on. Yes, I mean this is for me the deepest insight already of Freud and so on that you know. It's not that the power is dignified and laughter is subversive. There can be cynical humor and…

…nationalist populist reaction to it. And this is dangerous. Why? Because you know that wonderful title of the book of Freud, Unbehagen in der Kultur. Discontent, uneasiness in culture. Today, we obviously live in an era of unbehagen, discontent in liberalism.…

…certain things should have happened, revolution, why didn't they happen, if your analysis is true, then they tell you, oh, ask Freud, you know, like imperialists are using all the libidinal manipulations of propaganda and so on and so on, That's only a…

…who doesn't know. Usually, these chickens are children. Did you notice how in today's era, where we proclaim, oh permissivity, Freud is outdated, we are no longer living in Victorian era, nonetheless, the central insight of Freud, death into children,…

…where we proclaim, oh permissivity, Freud is outdated, we are no longer living in Victorian era, nonetheless, the central insight of Freud, death into children, sexuality, is again, it disappeared. It's a taboo. That is to say, did you notice how, and…

…by questions from you guys. That's it. Please give them both a very warm welcome. Jacques Lacan was a French psychoanalyst. He makes Freud sound like a simple valley girl. Lacan's theory of how the self works is so complicated it makes my teeth hurt to…

…like... reduced or what, no, you know, not total exclusion, but... Oh, relative exclusion. Yeah. I would simply call it what in Freud they called isolierung. Like, it is reported in the media, but it's as if reported in an isolated way so that the…

…being at its most elementary what is animal in us, it's on the contrary the zero level of metaphysics. This is why Freud emphasized sexuality. Not being a naturalist, we are all animals copulating. No, sexual passion is the zero level of infinity. It's…

…I claim that democracy in a certain ideological sense often functions in a literal Freudian sense as a fetish. You know, for Freud, fetish is basically the last thing you see before you see the concentration, in the naive sense that a woman doesn't have…

…closely Neighbor is not simply a fellow man, the one who is like me. Neighbor is precisely the other in its monstrous abyss. Already Freud knew this clearly. Let me give an example which is my favorite. Did you see the movie and read the novel? I only…

…message is, it's not simply like, oh, in the Freudian way, you know, when you say, this woman is not my mother, then Freud said, ha, ha, ha, denigration, blah, blah. So I'm not saying that you are fundamentally evil. But what does interest me is, what…

…less than. This ideology of tolerance can be reduced to the motto, love your neighbor as yourself. However, as we learned from Freud, neighbor is not simply another person with a rich inner life filled with stories she or he is telling himself, herself.…

…focus on one of its aspects in its isolation, and then to allow this element to color our entire perception. This is what Freud, I think, meant when he opposed hermeneutics, when he wrote that one should interpret on the tie, not en masse. To locate…

…you ask yourself, my God, is this really the person that I knew. At that point you encounter the neighbor. So when Freud and Lacan insist on the problematic nature of the Judeo-Christian injunction to love your neighbor, they refer precisely to the dark…

…are not a mere pretense? This is why Lacan applies to the neighbor the term think. The thing, the stink, used by Freud to designate the ultimate object of our desires in its intensity and impenetrability. One should hear in this term all the connotations…

…disappeared. They were absolutely sublime, intelligent, wonderful. Even this... I will not bore them with those jokes. Even this, what Freud claims that it's a specificity of Central Europe, this wonderful two-level jokes, you know? A joke is told, you think…

…some people took for a little bit crazy. I claimed that maybe the time is to more emphasize what already Freud did at some point. The distinction woman-mother, that distinction. psychoanalysis does absolutely does not claim what it's usually attributed to…

…game. You also have been, that's why this symptom, you know, the Freudian symptom. You live a lie, truth, return. Or as Freud would have put it, symptom is the return of the repressed. Fetish is something much more interesting, I think. Fetish is almost,…

…stood because it was the favorite pet of his wife. It is as if sticking to hamster enabled him to, you know, Freud has this beautiful term, isolierung or neutralisierung. How? When somebody tells you, for example, your wife or child favorite died. You…

…English, Libido and Society, parallel between psychoanalysis and Hegelian dialectics. To put it very simply, the idea is that Freud was the great post-Hegelian Hegelian. De facto, if you look at psychoanalytic process, Freud transposed Hegelian dialectic into…

…very simply, the idea is that Freud was the great post-Hegelian Hegelian. De facto, if you look at psychoanalytic process, Freud transposed Hegelian dialectic into it, in the sense that symptoms are signs of the subject's self-alienation, something that is…

…how one should reject this parallel, but not in the usual way, which is unfortunately still mostly Lacan's way. which is to say, no, Freud was really not a Hegelian. This only holds for Hegel. I claim that if this is Hegel, then Hegel was also not a…

…okay, it's tautological, in post-Hegelian sense. By this I mean two authors which are very strange bedfellows. Kierkegaard and Freud. Kierkegaard repetition and Freudian compulsion to repeat, where is the difference? That precisely in these two cases, we do…

…something like the structure of over-determination. Think about Freud's famous, we all know it, example of Signorelli. You know, Freud can't recall the name Signorelli of the painter from Orvieto, and he substitutes two other painters, Botticelli, Voltraffio.…

…recall the name Signorelli of the painter from Orvieto, and he substitutes two other painters, Botticelli, Voltraffio. And then Freud, in the analysis, establishes a whole network of signifying associations. The Italian village Traffoi, where Freud received the…

…Botticelli, Voltraffio. And then Freud, in the analysis, establishes a whole network of signifying associations. The Italian village Traffoi, where Freud received the message of the suicide of one of his patients, Here, the German word for mister, signor, is…

…his patients, Here, the German word for mister, signor, is linked to a trip to Herzegovina, part of Bosnia, where an old Muslim told Freud that after you cannot make love, after you are too old for sex, there is no reason to go on living, and so on,…

…of negativity. What do I mean by this? Let me make a brief exercise which may surprise you into Heidegger and Freud. I know Heidegger's very low opinion a reading of Anaximander in Holzwege. Heidegger has a very interesting passage where he tries…

…is the first great work of critique of ideology. If I were to do the best of critique of ideology, forget about Marx, Freud, let's begin with the book of Job. Why? Are you aware what a tremendous thing happens there? We know, okay, let's forget about…

…a very interesting book. Why? Because on the one hand, it's clearly a utopia, pure fantasy. Because, you know, as we know from Freud, The key feature of fantasy, and I can refer here to Danny who edited a book of introducing Lacanian concepts, and my…

…you know, like they claim oh but you see what cognitive sciences are arriving at, this is just a paraphrase of what already Freud knew and so on, you know this kind of a... join the enemy. Okay, but there is nonetheless one interesting point for me…

…that, you know, in the old days, the simplistic idea, sometimes, but not always, it was not stupid, you find it even in Freud, the simplistic idea that, like, you come to a psychoanalyst because you want to, as I already mentioned this, I think, you…

…there, and it doesn't explode into big news. If you are just attentive, you read it in a Freudian way, you know, as Freud says to interpret English, floating. precisely one of the big Western media, New York Times or what, who published this. And when I…

…equal free partners where the staff exchange its pleasure. I think that this is the reason why I'm still more for Lacan or Freud than for Michel Foucault. we are shifting from sexuality to pleasures and I claim that that part of this process is precisely…

…there as a defense against fantasy. Like, literally, you are so obsessed block, drown out the excess of fantasies. That's the whole Freud, you know, because, again, to give you the ABC, probably you know it, but it needs to be repeated. Freudian point of…

…are doing, we are secretly thinking about the dead. But what are we thinking when we are doing that? And the whole premise of Freud, and this is what Lacan aims at when he says there is no sexual relationship, is that you never get pure sex. By pure…

…you do imagine an other, even if it's of course not a personal other, but you can imagine the case. You know, basically Freud gives a version of a wonderful insight by Levi Strauss, who wrote somewhere that he encountered one of those mythic tribes, this…

…logic that there is a normal sexual development normal heterosex and if you don't get it then you have different perversions. No. For Freud perversion is constitutive. In what sense? Let's put it in very naive terms. Let's say you are a young boy or girl…

…dream, you remember when father is dreaming that his son appears to him, horrible burning, claiming, but it's efficient. Namely, Freud is still ambiguous here. What's the scene? You know the story, probably. Father is mourning his son who died unexpectedly…

…is, drive itself as an object. And what I want to say is that, just to give you a hint, it's crucial. What Freud calls death drive is, did you notice, if you read Freud carefully, it's basically, it's the exact opposite. It's Freud's name for…

…is that, just to give you a hint, it's crucial. What Freud calls death drive is, did you notice, if you read Freud carefully, it's basically, it's the exact opposite. It's Freud's name for immortality. Death drive is, think about undead. Death drive is…

…and Jerry cartoons and so on, you know. You slice them, you kill them, they return again and again. Which is why Freud linked death drive to Wiederholungszwang, compulsion to repeat. beyond life and death. Here I had a problem, a friendly problem, with…

…he, and I wanted to make sure, because nonetheless, do you know that? Like, for example, the ego, like, in the event of Freud, the ego psychologist would constitute a conclusion Don't you know that? No, no, no. He is very honest. I know what you mean.…

…humans are much more fixed. An impossibility, you remain, you get stuck onto it. And I claim that this This is precisely what Freud calls drive. This fixation on the impossibility. This. You know, you fail, but you repeat it. You kind of get caught into…

…the material force of ideology which makes us refuse what we see and know. We can also call this the mechanism of what Freud sometimes refers to as isolation, where you accept a fact but don't take it personally. You do not, what you abstractly know,…

…terms of so-called libidinal economy? In a letter to Einstein, as well as in his new introductory lectures to psychoanalysis, Freud proposes a utopian solution for the deadlocks of humanity. He calls it dictatorship of reason. men should unite themselves and…

…ultimate aim of Hegelian social thought is mutual recognition and so on and so on. Okay, then we have in Freud exactly the same. We have conservative Hegelians, for example Pierre Legendre, but others, sorry, conservative Freudians, even Lacanians, who claim…

…school were the old standards and not by any means the latest high-octane stuff. All I could say was, well, there's Freud and there's Marx. There's Freud's jokes in the relation to the unconscious. And there's Marxist literary criticism as proposed in…

…presumptive exhaustion, Zizek has been its indefatigable re-inventor, articulating fresh insights again and again through Marx and Freud and Lacan, and producing therefrom stratagems for a re-politicization of our commoditized world. Reading Zizek, one feels…

…I claim that in a typical philosophical gesture, she first brutally simplifies psychoanalysis to make her point. Because for Freud and Lacan, as was convincingly elaborated also by Jean Laplanche, the traumatic encounter of the other as desiring, which…

…In short, I cannot develop it now, read my next book and so on, the 51st that you have said. You see what Freud called death drive. You see that excessive violence of which good philosophers were aware. For example, just briefly, Immanuel Kant. has a…

…believe in law, you... You know, this is what always fascinates me. How much more we believe in our activity. Here, I think, Freud and Marx, as I always repeat, are still of an incredible help. Contrary to what people think, Marx was aware of it when…

…model which, no wonder, can be immediately accepted indoors by New Agers and so on, Jungians especially. In the opposition between Freud and Jung, Freud was here a true Hegelian in contrast to Jung's pseudo-Hegelian compensation theory. What do I mean by…

…wonder, can be immediately accepted indoors by New Agers and so on, Jungians especially. In the opposition between Freud and Jung, Freud was here a true Hegelian in contrast to Jung's pseudo-Hegelian compensation theory. What do I mean by this? Where is the…

…true Hegelian in contrast to Jung's pseudo-Hegelian compensation theory. What do I mean by this? Where is the difference really between Freud and Jung? It's not just that, I don't know, for Jung there is one desexualized libido, for Freud eros and thanatos…

…the difference really between Freud and Jung? It's not just that, I don't know, for Jung there is one desexualized libido, for Freud eros and thanatos and so on. No, the fundamental difference is somewhere else. Freud was a materialist. You know in what…

…for Jung there is one desexualized libido, for Freud eros and thanatos and so on. No, the fundamental difference is somewhere else. Freud was a materialist. You know in what sense? For Freud, for example, when he describes symptoms and so on, he always…

…and thanatos and so on. No, the fundamental difference is somewhere else. Freud was a materialist. You know in what sense? For Freud, for example, when he describes symptoms and so on, he always emphasized that we are not talking about some kind of a…

…buy it somewhere, they already printed a book with all the people to arrest. And they made this stupid mistake, you know, 1940, Freud was already dead, they still list, you know, Freud up there to arrest. No, I'm composing a similar book when we take…

…with all the people to arrest. And they made this stupid mistake, you know, 1940, Freud was already dead, they still list, you know, Freud up there to arrest. No, I'm composing a similar book when we take over. No, no, but what I want to say, Norman…

…told me that he spoke, taste humor. Italy, this corrupted country where they appear to be opponents, they are all friends. Bachimo knows Freud, he knows everyone there and so on. So he told me that all these ex-center left, Olive Party and so on, he…

…developed in the book, that the Freudian name for immortality is paradoxically precisely death drive. You should read here very carefully, Freud. Death drive has nothing to do with this nirvana, of course understood in our vulgar westernized way, we all want…

…with this nirvana, of course understood in our vulgar westernized way, we all want to die, oh, I want to disappear. No, what Freud calls death drive is some kind of persistence which exists beyond life and death, even after death, like as I develop often…

…do not give way with regard to your desire. And I want to arrive finally at what Todesstrip is about. Because for me, what Freud called Todesstrip, it's kind of not in itself an ethical agency, but a kind of, to put it in naive terms, a priori…

…which is, I quote you one version, the purpose of life is to be happy. My God, my reaction is, hasn't this guy heard of Freud and so on. This is why people like Richard Gere like Dalai Lama because the message is do a little bit of Buddhist training…

…an ethics of hedonism. Whatever do not compromise your desire means, it does not mean the unrestrained rule of of what Freud called Lustprinzip, the functioning of the psychic apparatus that aims at achieving pleasure. For Lacan, hedonism is in fact the…

…some big other is the very condition of a truly autonomous ethics. Recall that the dream about Irma's injection, which Freud used as the exemplary case to illustrate his procedure of analyzing dreams, is a dream about responsibility, Freud's own…

…something out of nothing. And Freud's answer for this is precisely this. drive, trib. Now, I want to be here very precise. What Freud calls drive, trib, is not, as it may appear, the Buddhist will of life. You know this Buddhist idea, we are caught in…

…the same. You are just no longer phenomenologically caught in this wheel of desire and so on. So I think that the point of Freud is not, no, we cannot get out, we are forever caught into the wheel of craving which makes us unsatisfied and so on.…

…domain of drive, this spectral undeadness, which is why, again, as I emphasize all the time, be very careful when you read Freud. Freud was almost always blinded by what? By his own discovery. He often confused Todestrip with Nirvana Principle, but I claim…

…drive, this spectral undeadness, which is why, again, as I emphasize all the time, be very careful when you read Freud. Freud was almost always blinded by what? By his own discovery. He often confused Todestrip with Nirvana Principle, but I claim Todestrip…

…immortality, that's a kind of obscene other immortality. That is to say, that would be my final paradox, that... What Freud calls Todestrieb is paradoxically his psychoanalytic name for immortality. Todestrieb is this evil existence which goes on beyond life…

…death drive from capital and death drive from sexual drive, because I was reminded when you described death drive of similar passages by Freud on the sexual drive, as much on how one refers to the logics of capital. First, I would have to be here much…

…question is very interesting that you raised now, because I think that this is the greatest verkenung, or how to put it, of Freud. that he was, as it were, afraid, withdrew from what he discovered, so he quickly tried to ontologize it in the sense of…

…quickly tried to ontologize it in the sense of re-inscribing into traditional ontology, which he did with this extra stupidity, this is Freud at his worst, eros thanatos. I think there is only one drive, which is death drive, and which is as such…

…gesture will be sexualized. So we have here many paradoxes, and again, I think this is one of the big examples where Freud misrecognized his own achievements. There was another lady there. Yeah, yeah. It's just one last question. I'm so sorry. I didn't…

…two of them belonging together. What fascinates me here, the first thing to note is how when people, you know people usually accuse Freud of being a total idiot, that when he had that idea of Urvater, primordial father who was allowed to screw all the…

…level, some positive features, speech, tool making, reflexive thinking, whatever, but the rise of a new point of impossibility, designated by Freud and Lacan as the impossible, real, ultimate point of Reference of desire and so on and so on. There are even…

…liberal egalitarianism, singular returns of the repressed truth. Why? Jew is the fetish of antisemitic fascists. As it were, you know how Freud defines the fetish, the last thing you see before you see death. Woman doesn't have a penis. Here, the Jew would…

…directly, not to Hitler, to that Seyss-Inquart. I don't know who was the Gauleiter of Austria. And then, as a sign of gratitude, Freud sent to Mussolini a copy of Unbehagen in der Kultur with a signature of one great mind to another great mind who…

…other. Things happen in history, as we would put it. But what is so nice is that on his way to England, Freud stopped for a couple of days in Paris. Right-wing popular magazines have a wonderful anti-Semitic outburst. They say, no, sorry, I'm confused…

…Right-wing popular magazines have a wonderful anti-Semitic outburst. They say, no, sorry, I'm confused now, typically. This is not about Freud, but about Einstein. When Einstein left Berlin, he passed on his way to the United States through Paris. And one…

…this problem of how to take it, the sad thing, something unites, and here there were really bad guys. Partisans of Einstein and of Freud. The bad guy is here, how is he called? Ernst Jons. They made a very derpy fact. Do you know that even Freud was…

…and of Freud. The bad guy is here, how is he called? Ernst Jons. They made a very derpy fact. Do you know that even Freud was shocked? Jones was for me, if you ask me, the bad guy of psychoanalytic movies. and he lost his license for abusing a…

…wonder, no wonder. Because he played this English gentleman and so on. But, look, if you look at his big official biography of Freud, look at, for example, You learn that he had to report this, that Freud bought the famous house on Berggasse from Bauer…

…if you look at his big official biography of Freud, look at, for example, You learn that he had to report this, that Freud bought the famous house on Berggasse from Bauer family, Otto Bauer. And then you have, of course, a footnote where he says, Bauer,…

…Bauer family, Otto Bauer. And then you have, of course, a footnote where he says, Bauer, a well-known Austrian journalist, friend of Freud. Fuck it, Bauer was the leader of the Social Democratic Party. I mean, it's ridiculous. It's the same as to say…

…connection, you know Dora, the big case, Dora. You know what's Dora's name? Ida Ba. So this gives you another image that Freud was even personally involved with social democratic circles. That has to disappear. The second really dark thing is that when the…

…invented this term, dynamic psychiatry, dynamic approach, and so on. The irony is that it didn't work tremendously well, and Freud accepted it, but was totally shocked. Like, Freud was shocked morally. Like, doesn't, doesn't John see what he's doing, how…

…dynamic approach, and so on. The irony is that it didn't work tremendously well, and Freud accepted it, but was totally shocked. Like, Freud was shocked morally. Like, doesn't, doesn't John see what he's doing, how should I put it, no? He was also one of…

…Russia. They were so aggressive looking for the support of Pavlov that Trotsky, he was here a good guy who was for Freud, Trotsky on behalf of the Bolshevik oppressor wrote a desperate letter to Pavlov trying to convince him give Freud a chance perhaps…

…guy who was for Freud, Trotsky on behalf of the Bolshevik oppressor wrote a desperate letter to Pavlov trying to convince him give Freud a chance perhaps nonetheless. So you see far from being oppressed by the early Bolsheviks and so on. But what I want…

…it in this way. I headed we agree that, now I will give you just the very simplistic coordinates, that for Lacan, following Freud, the only authentic emotion or affect, they are different, I know, I know Damasio, but I simplify it now, is anxiety, you…

…now but the crucial thing is to that to put it very simply I simplify it again the great break between Lacan and Freud sorry Lacan and Heidegger is that for Lacan Anxiety doesn't have an object. Anxiety, you confront the void itself, but that fear has…

…object. Anxiety is precisely when you are no longer afraid of something. For Lacan, precisely anxiety does have an object, for interpreting Freud. And this object is of course, haha objects, mollet and so on and so on, all that stuff, no? So here, Again,…

…the pleasure principle and so on and so on. But that's not what defines us as human beings. What defines us is, as Freud put it, beyond the pleasure principle. which opens up the gap of anxiety. And here, precisely following Heidegger, I would say every…

…a kind of a magic short circuit different authors, they all have recourse to the same metaphor. I think that's where Freud or Hegel should enter. And again, I like, there are intelligent, there are intelligent cognitivists who admit and the great idealist…

…You cannot change it. But, fundamentally, at an unconscious level, we are responsible for it. And this is how, also, Freud says, when, you know, Freud already answers this boring Foucauldian reproach, before Foucault's time, of course, that psychoanalysis is…

…at an unconscious level, we are responsible for it. And this is how, also, Freud says, when, you know, Freud already answers this boring Foucauldian reproach, before Foucault's time, of course, that psychoanalysis is comparable to confession. You have…

…reproach, before Foucault's time, of course, that psychoanalysis is comparable to confession. You have to confess your blah blah. No, Freud says... responsible for what you did, for blah blah, for what you know, you should tell everything. In psychoanalysis…

…women to say, I don't know, that if you You know Wolfman, the Russian nobleman? After October Revolution he lost money and Freud was too good. Freud helped him. Instead of Wolfman paying him, Freud gave him some money to survive. The result was clinically…

…know, that if you You know Wolfman, the Russian nobleman? After October Revolution he lost money and Freud was too good. Freud helped him. Instead of Wolfman paying him, Freud gave him some money to survive. The result was clinically catastrophic. A big…

…nobleman? After October Revolution he lost money and Freud was too good. Freud helped him. Instead of Wolfman paying him, Freud gave him some money to survive. The result was clinically catastrophic. A big regression into paranoia. And it's only later…

…Lillian leftist communist who was also a psychoanalyst in Vienna. You know who is the model of that? Muriel Gardiner, a pupil of Freud who was in Vienna in the 20s. That's the real life model of and she then set things straight. She then cured Wolfman…

…what this has to do with reality. You allow me to conclude, then you get your shitty break, or whatever. How does Freud relate to trauma? Let's take the most classical example, although I don't see what is so dramatic about it. I would rather…

…is so dramatic about it. I would rather like to see if it would not make me throw out. You know, Wolfman again, you know, Freud reconstructs the trauma of at one year and a half or unwell, the small boy observing parents This point is not the guy was…

…horrible or you were attacked, beaten, raped, whatever, is that, and you know, it would no longer be straight. But for Freud, this is the lesson of, when the so-called traumatic fact, the small boy observing the parents screwing at Ergo, didn't curb…

…this, that after Hegel, we have this famous post-Hegelian break. the whole series of figures, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Marx, but also Freud, the rise of mathematical natural sciences that simply after this post Hegelian break you can no longer be seriously…

…universe of formalized, mathematicized role in production and so on. Also, the Freudian universe of pure repetition, what Freud called Wiederholungszwang, when things repeat themselves without any Hegelian movement of Aufhebung, where you know by repetition you…

…that there is some kind of a natural substance of sexuality which we gradually civilize, culturalize. I claim something is missing here. Freud would have called death drive. And what in entire German idealism, you already find it in Kant, I located it for…

…I think this is what we should take into account with regard to sexuality. It's not directly nature culture, between. This excess that Freud calls death drive and so on and so on. And you find it in all big erotic myths. I mean, for example, Tristan…

…result to arrive at this level It's not directly that culture breaks with nature. You have in between some kind of what Freud calls Todestrieb, death drive, a kind of, how shall I call it, absolute insistence, impossible insistence, which is why it has to…

…on. No. Natural sexuality gets denaturalized in some kind of deadly passion, crazy insistence. This is what was the enigma for Freud from the very beginning. How is it that, and incidentally, even I know some brain scientists or rather behavioral scientists…

…it and so on and so on. Let's call it internalization of desire, which then produces something which, and that's how I read Freud, brings us to death drive. Death drive has nothing to do whatsoever, that's the ABC, I hope you know it, with that nirvana…

…I hope you know it, with that nirvana sheet and so on. Death drive is exactly the opposite. I claim, if you read Freud closely, death drive is Freudian name for desire. immortality. What Freud calls death drive is something that exists as it were beyond…

…Death drive is exactly the opposite. I claim, if you read Freud closely, death drive is Freudian name for desire. immortality. What Freud calls death drive is something that exists as it were beyond life and death. Figures of death drive are like vampires,…

…my work. Reading mutually like German idealism to psychoanalysis, not in order to reduce German idealism just to psychology, but to elevate Freud to a thinker. For example, sorry if you know this line, but it's wonderful works, I want to repeat it, it…

…and again, and the true satisfaction is provided by this very circular movement, and so on and so on. Which is why, for Freud, who is here a good Hegelian, Which is why for Freud, sexual satisfaction, it's always, you know, when Freud talks about this…

…circular movement, and so on and so on. Which is why, for Freud, who is here a good Hegelian, Which is why for Freud, sexual satisfaction, it's always, you know, when Freud talks about this foreplay. It's never simply foreplay is a goal to the final…

…is why, for Freud, who is here a good Hegelian, Which is why for Freud, sexual satisfaction, it's always, you know, when Freud talks about this foreplay. It's never simply foreplay is a goal to the final goal, big penetration, whatever, sexual act. There…

…message is, it's not simply like, oh, in the Freudian way, you know, when you say, this woman is not my mother, then Freud said, ha, ha, ha, denigration, blah, blah. So I'm not saying that you are fundamentally evil. But what does interest me is, what…

…the phantom image emerges when you're not expecting it, and it vanishes after having produced its effect. The paradigmatic phantasma in Freud is of course a child is beaten. In family romances, he foresees a situation where daydreams are used by the child…

…The starting point of this book is to the delicate echoing between internal and external real in psychoanalysis. For Freud and Lacan, external shocks, brutal, unexpected encounters or intrusions, due their properly traumatic impact to the way they touch…

…encounters or intrusions, due their properly traumatic impact to the way they touch a preexisting traumatic psychic reality. The idea of Freud is that when you... undergo a shock even if the shock is radical like a bomb explodes or what the truly…

…the resonance they find in perverse mechanism, death drive, unconscious guilt feeling, or whatever. That's the point for Kerr of Freud. External real, real brutal trauma doesn't count ultimately, it can simply destroy you but doesn't count as trauma, it must…

…it can simply destroy you but doesn't count as trauma, it must have, it must found an echo in your what Freud calls psychic reality, the real of your inner traumas. Today, however, that's Malabou's thesis, our sociopolitical reality imposes multiple versions…

…the destructive effects of social symbolic violence, social exclusion, family violence, and so on. Basically, Malabou's reproach is that Freud succumbs here to the temptation of meaning. He is not ready to accept the direct destructive efficiency of external…

…his unconscious anxieties. He's directly brutalized by a meaningless external shock, which can in no way be hermeneutically appropriated. For Freud, if external violence gets too strong, we simply exit the psychic domain proper. For Freud, the choice is either…

…way be hermeneutically appropriated. For Freud, if external violence gets too strong, we simply exit the psychic domain proper. For Freud, the choice is either the shock is reintegrated into a preexisting libidinal frame, The shock destroys psyche and nothing…

…either the shock is reintegrated into a preexisting libidinal frame, The shock destroys psyche and nothing is left. This is how when Freud was engaged with violence, you know, in his texts during World War I. His point was always to show that even when…

…traumatic effect, you must go through sexuality, through their sexual traumas, masochism, whatever. The causality is not direct. So what Freud cannot envisage is that the victim, as it were, survives its own death. All different forms of traumatic encounters,…

…that it's not only death drive as destruction but you survive your death and this kind of blank existence for her is something that Freud and for she thinks even Lacan was not able sorry was not able to think. Okay, now I'm still working on this. I…

…external, that it literally destroys your personality, but you survive. What happens there? You cannot deal with it the way Freud was dealing with traumas, playing these libidinal games and so on. Literally, a post-libidinal trauma. subject survives and this…

…evening. Where to begin? Well, when in the year 1975, the editors of a volume entitled in French, The Technical Writings of Freud by the arcane French psychoanalyst Lacan. When they chose as their cover illustration a photo of a giant elephant poised to…

…less than. This ideology of tolerance can be reduced to the motto, love your neighbor as yourself. However, as we learned from Freud, neighbor is not simply another person with a rich inner life filled with stories she or he is telling himself, herself.…

…focus on one of its aspects in its isolation, and then to allow this element to color our entire perception. This is what Freud, I think, meant when he opposed hermeneutics, when he wrote that one should interpret on the tie, not en masse. To locate…

…you ask yourself, my God, is this really the person that I knew. At that point you encounter the neighbor. So when Freud and Lacan insist on the problematic nature of the Judeo-Christian injunction to love your neighbor, they refer precisely to the dark…

…are not a mere pretense? This is why Lacan applies to the neighbor the term think. The thing, the stink, used by Freud to designate the ultimate object of our desires in its intensity and impenetrability. One should hear in this term all the connotations…

…Interpretation of Dreams of Irma's Injection. The structure there is... The same, first it's a catastrophe, the patient, the dreamer, Freud was dreaming, looks into Irma's throat, horror, the real Irma's throat catastrophe, then all of a sudden the shift into…

…Irma's throat catastrophe, then all of a sudden the shift into three stupid doctors who produce some reasons, inconsistence, why Freud is not guilty. No, there was no injection, the injection was already, Irma was already infected before, whatever. Doesn't…

…cow, his pigs, or whatever. One should put things in context. Okay, but what I'm saying that there also, exactly as in Freud, the three ideologists, what comes them are the three, precisely the three ideologists. This is, I think, the zero level of…

…but what's the point? What is fundamentally wrong with Harris? Here we come to the topic of what in Judeo-Christian tradition, and Freud also refers to this tradition in his theory of how we relate to others, we call the neighbor. The neighbor is…

…ourselves. The problem is to convince, if you want, pathetically the chicken in ourselves, the symptom. This is where maybe even Freud was wrong in the sense of too simple. When he quotes in his well-known short text on verneinung, denigration, denial,…

…in the sense of too simple. When he quotes in his well-known short text on verneinung, denigration, denial, remember that how when Freud asks a patient in whose dream a woman appears, who is that woman, the famous patient's reply, I don't know who that…

…oh, they all depend on a religion. No, but nonetheless, isn't it, for example, when you take a figure like Spinoza or Freud, atheists, Isn't it nonetheless clear, you smell it immediately as it were, that this is a Jewish atheism? There is an atheism…

…the same time Withdrawing from it. This is when he denies it, when he says, but I didn't mean it. This is what Freud meant with Verneinung, with denigration. then we should even go a step further here. Not only we have this personal obscene, okay, it's…

…subjectivity, absolute negativity, and so on, is something that can be properly understood if read retroactively through the core of what Freud aimed at with Todestrieb, Death Drive, and so on. This link. This is the axis. All other things are negotiable.…

…wrong with the predominant Arak reaction? Recall the joke, I recall it all the time, so you may be tired by it, evoked by Freud in order to render the strange logic of dreams, the borrowed kettle joke. A, I never borrowed the kettle from you. B, I…

…feminist wisdoms. Now let me go to my topic. The title is The Spectator's Malevolent Neutrality. Of course, anyone who knows Freud knows what I'm aiming at. It's an ironic reversal of Freud's position of the analyst, psychoanalytiker. The idea is that…

…make a brief reference to Lacanian theory. Lacan defined, redefined. The Freudian tribe, das tribe, drive, as according to Lacan, what Freud calls das tribe, is reflexive. It is an attitude of, in French, it goes, se faire something. Like for Lacan, visual…

…think about the precise status of trauma in psychoanalysis. It is similar to this non-existing attractor. That is to say, more closely, Freud shifted his position, as we all know, with regard to trauma. He shifted his position in a way which is, strangely…

…curvature of the space. And I claim it's exactly like this in the psychoanalytic notion of trauma. In the first approach, Freud imagined trauma as some kind of dense, raw presence Presence of some real which brutally intrudes into our symbolic space and…

…There is a kind of imbalance. There is a gap in my symbolic space. This would be the first approach. But then Freud noticed some strange things. What things? Let's recall his best-known analysis of Wolfman. The traumatic scene there, of course, is the…

…nor culture. Culture is already symbolic law, symbolic regulation. But The conclusion to be drawn from Kant and consequently from Freud and Lacan is that what cultural symbolic prohibitions try to regulate, to master, to dominate, to domesticate, whatever you…

…unwritten rule today. It's the anti-Freudian rule. The doxa today which you have to obey is the following one I claim. Freud opposed the normal mourning. the successful acceptance of the loss to the pathological melancholy the subject insists in his or her…