…so on. Undead, zombies and so on. And my idea is that, it's a very paradoxical exchange in my other books, that what Freud called death drive has nothing to do with this nirvana bullshit, we appear in the void. It's this obscene undeadness. And so I…

…of normal communication, which brings out a basic feature of the social link discourse obfuscated in so-called normal intersubjectivity. For Freud, as well as for Marx, the exception is the key to normality. So how should we historicize the psychoanalytic…

…Western patriarchy, opens up the space for the utopia of a full sexuality without its impasses and perversions, which, as Freud demonstrated, inhabit its very notion. The thought of this ideological deadlock is to supplement the negation of positive universals…

…shouldn't talk about and so on and so on. Trump is for me in this sense a pervert and I always remember what Freud said that nowhere is the unconscious more out of reach, more oppressed than with perverts. I find this very important because often even…

…is the unconscious more out of reach, more oppressed than with perverts. I find this very important because often even Freud once used at some other place, these very bad, unfortunate formulations that what hysterics just talk about, dream perverts do…

…some of you told me this, the 100 years of Freud's mass psychology of the crowds. And this is very important because Freud was dealing precisely there with this problem, crowd formation means. collective shared enjoyment, and so on. And you know what is…

…theorist of law. And he answered critically, but in a friendly way, to Freud's crowd psychology. His point is that what Freud was describing there is not the constitution of society in the sense, I am already introducing Lacan's terms here, of the…

…introducing Lacan's terms here, of the big other global symbolic order within which we function in individuals, but that Freud really describes society something which is at least measured by the normal standards of bourgeois life, a pathological formation.…

…Freud really describes society something which is at least measured by the normal standards of bourgeois life, a pathological formation. Freud can deduce this from all this game of affective identification, but where does the idea of a legal order, which…

…of affective identification, but where does the idea of a legal order, which confirms us as free individuals, where does it come? Then Freud tried to answer it in a very complex way, but I think he didn't fully succeed. Freud The point was that how the…

…and so on and so on and I don't have time to go into it now but exactly the same goes I think for Freud and Lacan Lacan intervenes brutally from the outside his theoretical reference from the point from which Lacan intervenes into Hegel is precisely a…

…vague ideals that led the protesters were to a large extent taken from socialist ideology itself. And as we learned from Freud, what is repressed... returns in a distorted form. In our case, what was repressed from the dissident imaginary returned in the…

…democracy is the proof that 1990 was not just a catch-up revolution. It aimed at more than 1990. liberal capitalist normality. Freud spoke about Unbehagen in der Kultur, the discontent unease in culture. Today, 30 years after the fall of the wall, the…

…division. Let's get rid of this. And some of them even establish a list. 30, 35 positions. My God. And then they say Freud is outdated. If there is anything to learn from Freud is that sexuality is in itself antagonist, traumatic, shady domains and so…

…even establish a list. 30, 35 positions. My God. And then they say Freud is outdated. If there is anything to learn from Freud is that sexuality is in itself antagonist, traumatic, shady domains and so on and so on. That's my first point. So it's as…

…kind of shabby sexuality. The first presupposition that I doubt here is because you do what you desire. My God, didn't they read Freud? How do you know that you really desire what you think that you desire? There are all the ambiguities here. My second…

…do it even more in a different way and so on and so on. So again... Or, again, a psychoanalytic notion from Freud, Verleugnung, this. I know very well, but I still don't accept it. Isn't this our predominant attitude towards ecological problems? We know…

…with the necessity of evolution. The most natural, direct regime is a regime of the power of the one. In fact, if you read Freud, for instance, you find, I don't think Freud thought of Polybius, but he had the same idea. The most natural regime is a…

…direct regime is a regime of the power of the one. In fact, if you read Freud, for instance, you find, I don't think Freud thought of Polybius, but he had the same idea. The most natural regime is a regime where the father has all the power. In…

…think that still psychoanalysis gives... the best instruments that we have. Yeah, but you could just read a couple of essays by Freud, couldn't you? You could just read Beyond the Pleasure Prince. No, because he often didn't know what he is saying. And…

…read Beyond the Pleasure Prince. No, because he often didn't know what he is saying. And this is not a critique of Freud. It's with all great inventors that... In the first act, you think you see something, but then you immediately... For example, my…

…In the first act, you think you see something, but then you immediately... For example, my big example, death drive. Freud immediately regresses because he brings it back to that pseudo-oriental stupidity, nirvana, the wish to disappear. But I think it…

…to disappear. But I think it can be so brilliantly shown... I did it in my book, not brilliantly, but simply, that what Freud calls death drive is really some kind of obscene immortality. My model for death drive is, I hope, no, you don't have, you…

…culture today. We are obsessed with zombies. This is a side question. No, no, it's not, because this is how Freud produced a notion, death drive, and immediately misinterpreted it. The Freudian death drive... is the Schopenhauerian... That was the greatest…

…about if the ethic was love thy neighbor as thy neighbor loves thee, then I could subscribe to that. You know, that's what Freud says as opposed to love thy neighbor. So I wonder, is that the ethic of alienation? Well, I would say I prefer another…

…and somewhere else also, I think, the greatest... We are approaching an era where, if I may paraphrase Sigmund Freud, who spoke about, in German, Unbehagen in der Kultur, discontent, unease in civilization, about... uneasiness, discontent with liberal…

…somewhere else also, I think, the greatest danger. We are approaching an era where, if I may paraphrase Sigmund Freud, who spoke about, in German, Unbehagen in der Kultur. Discontent, uneasy, unease in civilization. about uneasiness, discontent with liberal…

…wake up. End of quote. So that allows me briefly to finish. What does awakening mean here? In his interpretation of dreams, Freud reports on a rather terrifying dream. A tired father who was spending the night watching, waking at the coffin of his young…

…aiming at, but you kind of stumble into, and it can be quite surprising. In examining pleasure, I actually go back to Freud, and that's sort of the centerpiece of the book, the middle chapter, where I reread Freud, Freud's theories of pleasure, and his…

…pleasure, I actually go back to Freud, and that's sort of the centerpiece of the book, the middle chapter, where I reread Freud, Freud's theories of pleasure, and his three essays on the theory of sexuality, as a kind of theory that recapitulates a lot…

…history of philosophy. So I think one can reread the history of philosophical ideas and theories about pleasure and desire through Freud. And one can see that actually Freudian psychoanalysis doesn't have a unitary, so it doesn't have a kind of single…

…where numerous sort of philosophical theories meet and are in conflict with one another. And I think part of the greatness of Freud is actually to present such a fragmented and complex theory of pleasure. So at some point, I suggested one theory of…

…sort of the complexity of Freud's own approach to pleasure, which really can be summarized. by that strange German term Lust. And as Freud himself says in the three essays, that the problem with the concept of Lust is that it actually has a double sense.…

…then to see this message of God divided from within, whatever, in itself, it must be a very high-level psychoanalysis. Even Freud was here often tempted. For example, I agree with those, especially Laplanche, I don't always follow him, who claim that The…

…into this kind of the worst sexualized cosmic duality, you know, death, life, and so on. So I claim that even for Freud, this gesture... Maybe this is one of those magical moments when, through psychoanalysis, you see something in theology, but to see…

…but again, the point is also to change, to clarify which psychoanalysis we mean. Because if you follow the path of... Jung, often Freud and Jung are not opposed in the right way. Everybody has to be, I think, against Jung, because Jung does exactly what…

…unconscious is a deeper truth. You should... Sorry? Yeah. But in this sense, you look deep into yourself. But the ABC of Freud is that... If you look deep into yourself, you discover fundamental fantasies, which means fundamental lies and so on. There is…

…means fundamental lies and so on. There is nothing redeeming in it. And my friend Mladen Dolar discovered this, that there is Freud reports of an anecdote, which is one of the most beautiful that I know, where he physically encountered the truth of his…

…Because it's exactly for the same reason that in psychoanalysis there has to be money. You pay the analyst. As Lacan and Freud put it very nicely, without money, the analyst would become too involved into the pathological circle and so on. Money means I'm…

…critics accused you of male chauvinism, like they spent the night together and that's what really what a lesbian woman... need to repeat Freud in a vulgar way, penis normalis, and then lesbian will be cured. But I think it's totally wrong way to read the…

…called him a Stalinist when we were friends, and he laughed because you know why? Lacan says in encore, draws this parallel, Freud and Lacan, Marx and Lenin. And then, well, who is the next guy? It's Freud, Lacan, Lacan's successor. it became a public…

…Lacan says in encore, draws this parallel, Freud and Lacan, Marx and Lenin. And then, well, who is the next guy? It's Freud, Lacan, Lacan's successor. it became a public spectacle, Miller had in Paris every week a closed seminar, just 15-20 people, and…

…is called superego. Superego as opposed to, I'm saying it naively, authentic morality, moral law. Why? What characterizes superego for Freud? First, it's an impossible demand. It's so harsh that the authority which bombards you with this demand knows and…

…find this in the cosplay? Because what I remember only the woman is. You can correct me. Well, it's in the chapter, it's on Freud, the Fenninum. I get what you are referring to. Yeah, I believe that's what it is. Well, if there's not an end to beauty.…

…crisis in a pre-event way, The crucial point the basic antagonism of capitalism becomes visible. They are necessary. The same for Freud. Symptoms are not some local malfunctioning... No, symptoms are the truth of normality. And so, again, to provide the name…

…in Germany in 1933 was also Deutschland erwache, Germany awakened. Now I will make a detour through a very interesting dream reported by Freud to clarify what I mean. One of Freud's patients dreamt he was a father whose son died in an accident. And the…

…but what came to my mind is this. I even wrote a book with this in the title. Wonderful, simple, but nonetheless, joke by Freud from his book on wicks. On jokes where he quotes this joke where you give too many arguments for a thing, but they are…

…But I don't like this anti-psychoanalytic The commonplace in many of these circles, in Germany, especially in the United States, is, oh, Freud is an old, white, dead man. He still thought in binary terms, Oedipal complex, and so on. No, you know what's my…

…It's a matter of choice, how you feel. I claim there is an unholy alliance here because they both behave as if Freud didn't exist. For an authentic Freudian, of course, sex is human sexuality is not directly a biological phenomenon. It's how some…

…the more I'm obsessed. Drawn towards me. Sorry? The more you're drawn towards me. Yeah. So the whole logic... changes. Second point of Freud, crucial, and some true LGBT people are well aware of it. You know, sex is not in this vulgar sense a matter of…

…know, sex is not in this vulgar sense a matter of free choice. I feel like that. No. The big revolution of Freud is that one has to read him properly, that this patriarchal symbolic order, male position, patriarchal, feminine, it's not natural. It's a…

…that 1990, the fall of communism, was not just a catch-up revolution. that it aimed at more than liberal capitalist normality. Freud spoke about unbehagen in der Kultur, the discontent or unease in culture. Today, 30 years after the fall of the Berlin…

…I feel is not exhaustive. Where, and here is my criticism of some of this free choice of gender ideology, where is Freud here? Where is the Freudian subject of the unconscious, which is neither biological nor a matter of feeling? We become sexual subjects…

…again that this idea of my identity is what I feel, immediately experience and declare. It proceeds as if there was no Freud, no divided subject, no psychoanalysis, and so on and so on. Duane Roussel, my Canadian friend, characterizes woke as racism in…

…to Russia to inquire and negotiate about the terms of peace. My comment. I hope you all know the well-known joke evoked by Freud on the borrowed kettle. First, let's say I borrow a kettle from you. I return it to you broken. And then you said,…

…with that option, and then the evil patriarchy comes and tells you no binary, this, that, and so on and so on. No. Freud was right. We are extraordinary, complex, divided persons, and The great lesson of Jacques Lacan is that there is always a minimal…

…modern subjectivity is more feminine. And that's the great thing about psychoanalysis. What I mean by this? You know, hysteria for Freud, and Lacan points this out, it's the basic form of critique of ideology in practice. Why? Because, as Lacan points out…

…this now, because that's with time. I just want to say that this is, for me, rather the standard situation of our, what Freud called, ordinary unhappiness. We are survivors of our failure to go forward. to the end. But now my final point. What if a…

…are in, will no longer be alienated. We, our collective mind, will be able to control the situation. I think the lesson of Freud and Lacan is that no, we will never get there. What our highest desire should be, not a self-transparency of social life,…

…Freud's big example, Wolfman, his most famous patient. This is kind of a negative proof of Freud's thesis. You know that Freud was right. when he said that money has a role. Namely, after the October Revolution, Wolfman, who was a Russian citizen,…

…Russian citizen, because of the October Revolution, his family lost all money and he was all of a sudden in Vienna with Freud, poor, with no money. Freud, being basically a decent good guy, started to support him financially. The result was the fiasco of…

…October Revolution, his family lost all money and he was all of a sudden in Vienna with Freud, poor, with no money. Freud, being basically a decent good guy, started to support him financially. The result was the fiasco of the analysis. Because, as it…

…Like, my God, why is the analyst paying me? Why? What is it in me? Does he have any plans with me? Like Freud then learned what were these plans. Sorry, these paranoiac plans. imagination was projected to him. A couple of times Wolfman met Anna Freud…

…learned what were these plans. Sorry, these paranoiac plans. imagination was projected to him. A couple of times Wolfman met Anna Freud the young, she was still young then, Freud's daughter on the staircase. So his paranoia was it's almost a beautiful one…

…is what, unfortunately, Heidegger doesn't see. Heidegger totally misses this dimension when, in his Solli-Conner Seminare, he dismisses Freud as simple mechanical causal determinist. A quote from Heidegger. He, Freud, postulates for the conscious human phenomena…

…this dimension when, in his Solli-Conner Seminare, he dismisses Freud as simple mechanical causal determinist. A quote from Heidegger. He, Freud, postulates for the conscious human phenomena that they can be explained without gaps. That is to say, with the…

…without gaps. That is to say, with the continuity of causal connections. Since there are no such connections in our consciousness, Freud had to invent the unconscious in which there have to be the causal links without gaps. This interpretation may appear…

…unconscious in which there have to be the causal links without gaps. This interpretation may appear correct. Is it not that Freud tries to discover a causal order in what appears to our consciousness as confused, contingent mess of mental facts, slips of…

…What we get in the unconscious is not a complete causal link, but the repercussions, the aftershocks of a traumatic cut. What Freud calls symptoms are ways to deal with this traumatic cut, while fantasy is a formation destined to cover this cut. Now we…

…permits all Lacan's references to Marx's analysis of commodities is the structural homology between surplus value and surplus enjoyment. Freud called this surplus lustgewinn, a gain of pleasure, which does not designate a simple stepping up of pleasure, but…

…this gap between the stupid reality of the thing and its image is already inscribed into sexuality itself. This is the lesson of Freud. Let me explain this. About a little bit over a year ago, Eva Wiseman wrote a comment for The Guardian magazine where…

…and the it, but it's the third term, superego. Now, what is superego? Superego is not a higher moral agency. If one reads Freud closely, we see that, as Lacan pointed out, that superego, Iberich, Super ego is, at its most basic, the injunction to enjoy.…

…obey a strangely twisted, perverted notion of ethical commandment, of ethical... duty. In this sense, Lacan was more precise than Freud. He elaborated a distinction between three terms which Freud treats as equal. Ideal ego, ego ideal, and superego. Ego ideal…

…commandment, of ethical... duty. In this sense, Lacan was more precise than Freud. He elaborated a distinction between three terms which Freud treats as equal. Ideal ego, ego ideal, and superego. Ego ideal Sorry, ideal ego is simply the idealized image of…

…this, that many of politically correct theorists, I don't confuse them. Act as if, although it's so fashionable today to say, oh, Freud is outdated, blah, blah, Victorian era bullshit, but they act as if... As if Freud didn't exist, as if the unconscious…

…it's so fashionable today to say, oh, Freud is outdated, blah, blah, Victorian era bullshit, but they act as if... As if Freud didn't exist, as if the unconscious doesn't exist. For example, the whole theory of agreement, you know, we have to sign…

…We are free persons who know what we want. All trouble comes from external power relations. But what is the lesson of the Freud is that sex is imminently messed, confused, perverted. You cannot separate sex from power. And if you tell me, but then this…

…okay, it's false, I tell them, fuck you, sorry, I experience. Experience is not, and that's also the lesson of psychoanalysis. As Freud said, accept anxiety, all other... Emotions or whatever you call them, cheat, you know. So I think that, okay, let me…

…You are just a puppet, the big other, the symbolic order, runs the game, and so on. But look, Lacan follows here Freud. Yes, you are overdetermined. But you cannot use this over-determination or psychic necessity which makes you what you are, you cannot…

…than nowhere else than in the perversion. Perversion where apparently it's the opposite of repression. As they say wrongly, even Freud makes this lapse once. He said, hysterics only dream about things, perverts do it in reality. No, for Freud already…

…say wrongly, even Freud makes this lapse once. He said, hysterics only dream about things, perverts do it in reality. No, for Freud already and for Lacan, Perversion is the highest stage of repression. We should always bear in mind this. Trump is not…

…able to read all this or will there be some complications? My thesis is maybe a little bit too optimistic that what Freud called the unconscious escapes the digital machine. It's a very specific notion of the unconscious. The second thing is that These…

…this invasion by people like Elon Musk. I mean, if Lacan said about what Lacan said about the Japanese language or maybe what Freud said about the unconscious of the Irish, maybe that is the means where we resist somehow. Maybe there is a structural part…

…argument. He just says what he thinks. He's totally unleashed and so on. No, he is a pervert. But you know what Freud says? Nowhere is it more difficult to access the unconscious than in perversion. Perverts are not perverts. really free people. Oh, I…

…give us a message, then I would say no, because my answer would have been surprising here. If we can learn anything from Freud, it's that we don't even know how to communicate with ourselves. It's all one big mess. I'm not saying we shouldn't analyze…

…can understand. It's now we are in Lacanian sphere. I think that if you look deeply into your mind, already with Freud, you don't find some ultimate deep message, you find fantasies. Imaginary formations with which your unconscious tries to introduce some…

…the series, my God, with David Duchovny about extraterrestrial, which began with, you know, the truth is out there. I think unconscious for Freud is not hidden deep within you. This is why even if I may betray to you and people who listen to us now,…

…it like this. I think a couple of days ago, Paul Krugman, had a nice commentary in New York Times when he referred to Freud without knowing it. You know that famous joke quoted by Freud that I use so many times, the paradox of the broken kettle, you…

…Krugman, had a nice commentary in New York Times when he referred to Freud without knowing it. You know that famous joke quoted by Freud that I use so many times, the paradox of the broken kettle, you know. You borrow from a friend a kettle, you return…

…where you really go deep into another person, but you don't see his or her or their face, it's psychoanalysis. Freud was very wise here. In psychoanalytic session, it's not face-to-face. Face-to-face is just the so-called preliminary encounters. Once things…

…preliminary encounters. Once things really start, no one The patient lies on the couch, you, if you are an analyst, sit beside him. Freud showed this very clearly, that faith is at the same time, I would put it, the ultimate mask. Right. That's why, not…

…is at the same time, I would put it, the ultimate mask. Right. That's why, not that I agree with, of course not with Freud, My God, I forgot the word. When Muslim women are covered, you know. Hijab? Niqab? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Not that I agree with it,…

…point is that, of course, certain basic things should be regulated. But Isn't it that sexuality, and if we learned anything from Freud, it is this, is in itself an ambiguous, ambiguous is not a good word, but this kind of unclear phenomenon where you…

…not just secondary mistakes that maybe we could have Avoid that. You know, mistakes happen necessarily in the same way as Freud said that psychopathological phenomena are the key to understanding our normal psychic life. In the same way that Marx said to…

…unconscious lie in the future, for example? Is it something that's coming? I think that the first thing to take into account from Freud, which is more actual than ever today, is that, you know, even when I was young, but already in the 1930s, Wilhelm…

…But then deep in us, there is the Id, Das Es, all these instinctual forces of unconscious, and we should liberate them. Freud never falls into this. Freud's basic thesis is that there is a strange link between Iberich, superego, and just us. That's why…

…fat book of 1,000 pages, less than nothing. Namely how, of course, there is a big difference between Hegel and Freud. For Freud, unconscious is fragmentary, full of überdeterminierungen, partial links, contingent. The Hegelian unconscious is more a formal one.…

…of 1,000 pages, less than nothing. Namely how, of course, there is a big difference between Hegel and Freud. For Freud, unconscious is fragmentary, full of überdeterminierungen, partial links, contingent. The Hegelian unconscious is more a formal one. It's the…

…give us a message, then I would say no, because my answer would have been surprising here. If we can learn anything from Freud, it's that we don't even know how to communicate with ourselves. It's all one big mess. I'm not saying we shouldn't analyze…

…can understand. It's now we are in Lacanian sphere. I think that if you look deeply into your mind, already with Freud, you don't find some ultimate deep message. You find fantasies. Imaginary formations with which your unconscious tries to introduce some…

…the series, my God, with David Duchovny about extraterrestrial, which began with, you know, the truth is out there. I think unconscious for Freud is not hidden deep within you. This is why even if I may betray to you and people who listen to us now,…

…me too, and so on and so on. What I find problematic is that they like to emphasize that, don't refer to psychoanalysis, Freud is outdated, and so on and so on. But I think that what too many of them are effectively doing is repressing Freud's…

…domain of gentle activity, being nice to each other, and thus external relations of power corrupted. If there is a lesson from Freud, it's that sexuality is in itself permitted by power plays, sadomasochism, and so on and so on. Let me develop this by…

…So, To immigrants, so that I don't lose my... First, I define myself as this materialist Christian. I would like to return to Freud, who, in a very nice way, problematized this Christian motto, not in the sense that he was supposed to it, but how…

…in the sense that he was supposed to it, but how problematic it is, love your neighbor as yourself. Because, you know, for Freud... and Jacques Lacan later, neighbor is the opposite to your fellow man. Neighbor is precisely, you know what would be for me…

…The neighbor is the one who is close to you spiritually. but nonetheless has this abyss of radical otherness, which is why Freud emphasized that to love your neighbor is... Practically an impossible demand. You have to work hard from it. It's not just…

…and still there can be trauma. Because, you know, let's be very traditional here. Are we really forgetting so fast the lesson of Freud? That we are, I'm sorry for this old term, divided beings who don't know what they want, who don't want what they…

…force of oppression, we will get free sexual life, fully enjoying ourselves. No, sorry. I think we should learn something from Freud. Sexuality is inherently contradictory, self-destructive, and so on and so on. And we have to admit this and to learn to…

…date, many of them, I think, fully participate in the ongoing repression of basic Freudian insights. Are you aware how much of Freud is simply repressed? Maybe we could use this term today. Just let... Let me name one topic, infantile sexuality. In our…

…how something which is contingent can nonetheless be experienced as your predestination, as a necessity. As we learned from Freud or from great German idealists, your truly free decisions are not conscious decisions. Your conscious decisions are rather…

…life is ruined. You are obsessed by it and so on and so on. And that's already an insight which you find in Freud. Far from being low biological and so on, our intense sexuality is the metaphysical moment. Metaphysical in the sense of something happened…

…it's not me, it's my unconscious which determined me. First, in a very idealist way, I believe in total self-responsibility. Freud already said this when he said psychoanalysis is much more severe than Christian church. In Christian church you are responsible…

…just want and make, or whatever, we do it. It's always through this detours, seduction and so on, which is why, and here Freud, I think, is still actual. You know, Freud's theory is much more radical. It's not already dated, as many people claim. Freud's…

…awakening, five, six years or whatever, where you have many fantasies and so on, you don't know what it is about. But then Freud says something much more radical. It's not that once you are adult, It's over, you know. No, all the time you need some…

…but it's really a desperate call for a new master and so on. And they were celebrating perversion. Perversion, that's it. As even Freud, in a very inappropriate way, put it once, perverts really do go to the end what hysterics only dream about. I think,…

…end what hysterics only dream about. I think, for reasons that I will not develop now, that this and Jacques Lacan and Freud are very clear at this point. No, perversion is not subversive. Perversion is always the hidden, obscene other side of every power…

…angle of this feature. Now you will say this is a bad joke. What has this to do with theory? Well, Marx and Freud are doing exactly the same thing. When Marx says... that economic crisis is the key to understand capitalism. It's precisely this. Take a…

…crisis is the key to understand capitalism. It's precisely this. Take a phenomenon which may appear an excess, it provides the key. Freud is saying the same. Pathological phenomena are the key to understand normal functioning of the mind. Before I go, do I…

…to her, invite her out, whatever, and so on and so on. No, it's not like this. The basic premise of Freud is that... Sexuality, our human sexuality, is our most elementary metaphysical experience. That's why Freud privileges sexuality. Because for him,…

…The basic premise of Freud is that... Sexuality, our human sexuality, is our most elementary metaphysical experience. That's why Freud privileges sexuality. Because for him, sexual passion is precisely where we are no longer animals. With animals, you have…

…You never do it. You never go to the end. obstacle, eroticizes the situation even more, is a source of pleasure. As Freud puts it somewhere, in a very Hegelian moment, the trick of human psyche is that A prohibition of enjoyment, something is prohibited…

…drank coffee without cream. You can change this virtual dimension. And my point is that what Hegel calls... sorry, what Freud calls the unconscious, forget about all this false biological metaphors, it's not instinctual. You drink coffee, the status of…

…of Tristan and Isolde. It's this deadly, absolute passion. And Freudian name for this is death drive, which is very paradoxical. Again, Freud himself was confused here. Freudian death drive is not, oh, I want to die, I want to disappear. I claim that it…

…constitutes the sexual. That's Freud's basic premise. You must be very careful here. I hope you don't train them enough. For Freud, sexuality is not the instinctual basis of being human. It's precisely the site of the most radical break. The denaturalization…

…now, I will try to complicate things a little bit more, to the topic of the Freudian unconscious. The unconscious for Freud is not some deeper irrational dimension, but it's what Lacan would have called a virtual another-see, which accompanies my conscious…

…end into socialism, class struggle, and so on. Because my idea is this one. You know this rather naive, although it's in Freud more complex, theory of fetishism that... If you find it ridiculous, I'm sorry, but we just follow the logic. Freud's idea is…

…it can still be an extremely strong decision that you experience as fate. And here, again, as I developed many times here, Freud and Lacan followed this lesson of Kant, Schelling, and so on, where they claimed that The truly free decisions are unconscious…

…If there is a patriarchal authority today, it's rather something much more ominous. It's a return of the figure called by Freud, Urvater, primordial father. You know, this brutal, not the symbolic father who upholds the symbolic law, but the brutal father,…

…in the history of philosophy is Kant-Hegel, and then we still live in that shadow. And I think that both Marx, Freud, Heidegger, all that stuff, it's still post-Hegelian space, but... We didn't yet come to settle our accounts with German idealism. And…

…perversion is falsely transgressive. Perverts do what they dream of brutality and so on, but as all great psychoanalysts, from Freud, the founder, to Lacan, so clearly, perversion is always just the hidden side of power. Perversion is not subversive. While…

…some kind of a totalitarian distortion or whatever. This surplus hinted at between the lines is a necessary part of it. What Freud aims at with his notion of gain of pleasure, or what Lacan aims at with surplus enjoyment, is precisely a surplus which…

…form itself. And here, I don't have time to elaborate it, here, there is an extraordinary parallel between Marx and Freud. Because in a not often noted, but absolutely crucial paragraph in Freud's introduction to psychoanalysis, but also in his Traumdeutung,…

…the forum. So, to get at the content, At what is the innermost core of the content, you have to look into the forum. So Freud gives, I don't have time, I just have to conclude, Freud gives a wonderful example of a dream where a lady talks about some…

…innermost core of the content, you have to look into the forum. So Freud gives, I don't have time, I just have to conclude, Freud gives a wonderful example of a dream where a lady talks about some her maternity and so on, relations with father, and the…

…dream where a lady talks about some her maternity and so on, relations with father, and the dream gets blurred, unclear. And Freud gives a wonderful reading when he says that this purely formal character, the images get unclear, confused, is part of what…

…a little bit a master, but it's really a call for a better master, while perverts go to the end. As even Freud, unfortunately, says somewhere, perverts... Do openly what hysterics only talk about and dream about. I think the situation is the opposite one.…

…if you read Lacan clinically, closely, he says that to even begin analyzing a pervert, you should hystericize him. Lacan follows here Freud who says in a beautiful way, because many people think that perversion is like your unconscious is out there in the…

…many people think that perversion is like your unconscious is out there in the open, you do everything. But Lacan follows Freud who says that nowhere is the unconscious so inaccessible as in perversion. Perversion is a repression at its worst. What I…

…no. I am always... Many Marxists always have this idea, we have to suffer now, but then it will be better. Well, you know what Freud says here. Once a communist tried to turn around Freud and told to Freud, first we will have to suffer a lot, then it…

…we have to suffer now, but then it will be better. Well, you know what Freud says here. Once a communist tried to turn around Freud and told to Freud, first we will have to suffer a lot, then it will be paradise. And Freud says, well, I believe if…

…but then it will be better. Well, you know what Freud says here. Once a communist tried to turn around Freud and told to Freud, first we will have to suffer a lot, then it will be paradise. And Freud says, well, I believe if anything, we learn from…

…tried to turn around Freud and told to Freud, first we will have to suffer a lot, then it will be paradise. And Freud says, well, I believe if anything, we learn from histories. Mistrust, you shouldn't trust those who promise suffering now for the later…

…friends noticed how in this way Our era, which is allegedly permissive, you can do whatever you want, returned back from Freud. You don't talk about children's sexuality today. Children are innocent, but at the same time as they are innocent, not yet…

…must be aware, my God, this was said hundreds of times by me, by others, this is the same logic shared by Marx and Freud. Freud, one of his big insights is that It's not that we should begin with the normal, what appears as normal functioning of our…

…be aware, my God, this was said hundreds of times by me, by others, this is the same logic shared by Marx and Freud. Freud, one of his big insights is that It's not that we should begin with the normal, what appears as normal functioning of our brain,…

…to the absolute. But always in this fragile sense that you get it, you don't get it, and so on. This is why Freud focuses on sexuality. Not because sexuality is the natural base of our being, but precisely sexuality in the human sense, this sexuality as…

…know, just provoking a master, you don't really want to get rid of the master, but perversion goes to the end. As even Freud once said, very wrongly, I think, perverts actually do what hysterics also only dream about. I want to say that contrary to…

…especially about that nice point, the labor theory of the unconscious and so on. Because it's crucial to understand properly Freud. Because what this means is that the Freudian unconscious is not some deep secret. It's produced in the very mystification,…

…fall in love. And here, I characterize myself as an atheist Christian, fully endorsing this lesson of Christianity that... Also, in Freud you find it, that here I'm against this ideology of free choice, you know. Freedom at its fundamental, the most radical…

…I'm some kind of object of desire for others, but I don't know what they see in me. This uncertainty, ontological, is, for Freud, Lacan, and so on, constitutive of subjectivity. The moment you think you know what you are, you are not a subject, you are…

…is excluded. Not even in the pseudo-Freudian way, the incest or whatever. No, it's simply that we have to have what Freud in precise terms called Urverdrängung, primordial repression. which is the entrance into the very forum of historicity. For in order,…

…you go deep into human personality, you discover some, let's call it very naively, deeper things? inner truth the whole point of Freud is that if you go deep into human personality you discover the basic fantasy which is precisely a form of stupidity the…

…go deep into human personality you discover the basic fantasy which is precisely a form of stupidity the basic lie there is no for Freud there is no deeper truth but again Going back to this basic point, I'm not saying who is right here. I just find…

…in anti-Semitism. Jew is the mystified figure of the class struggle as such. So again, the problem here for me is this one. Freud is absolutely a modern thinker, in the sense that his ultimate word is His universe is the universe of modern science. Well,…

…okay, it's false. I tell them, fuck you, sorry, I experience. Experience is not, and that's also the lesson of psychoanalysis. As Freud said, accept anxiety, all other emotions or whatever you call them, cheat, you know. So I think that Let me not get…

…again and again. This is a more philosophical point. I don't have time to develop it now. This, I think, is also what Freud called death drive. It's a beautiful paradox. Death drive is Freud's name for immortality. Death drive is not this whom my soul…

…the structurally weakest part. In that case, that means that the sexual act modifies radically the interpretation of human rights. Freud would have said that the reason for that is that sexuality in itself is exterior to civilization. He expresses himself…

…hysterical subjects only dream about in an ambiguous way. this version. Hysteria is the position of questioning. And Lacan and Freud already, they never, through psychoanalysis, never dismiss feminine hysteria as, you know, a man should come to set in order…

…good for you, so I torture you really to help you, better for you and so on. So to go on, that's why already Freud says something very interesting. He says that it's not true that in perversion we lay our unconscious there. No, he says, nowhere is our…

…makes fun of the master, but secretly it demands a new, stronger master, while the pervert goes to the end. Or as even Freud says at some point, very unfortunately, a pervert does it in reality what a hysterical subject only dreams about. This is deeply…

…point, very unfortunately, a pervert does it in reality what a hysterical subject only dreams about. This is deeply wrong for Freud, Lacan, and all proper analysts. Hysteria is truly subversive. Perversion is simply the dark other side of power. Every power…

…don't do it through bringing out the secret underside. And here we discover a model of this, an awareness of what? Freud says somewhere, it's absolutely crucial, that although in perversion you bring out all the secret content, like you have, let's say,…

…content, like you have, let's say, some dirty dreams, no problem, all obstacles fall away, you directly enact them, he says, Freud, that nowhere is unconscious more occluded, more impenetrable than in perversion. Which means that when you have the surface of…

…sin, is part of an anti-Freudian move. With all our sexual liberation and so on, we regressed with regard to Freud. Children are considered innocent, asexualized. It's considered almost the ultimate sin. So it just interests me, this historical shift of…

…the pervert effectively moves beyond the master and his law, while the hysteric merely provokes the master. Against this view, Freud and Lacan consistently emphasize that perversion, far from being subverted, is the hidden obverse of power. Every power needs…

…was also aware that's another point of this Lubitsch indirectness. Paradoxically, you know, Lubitsch took the basic lesson of Freud. The oppressed is not simply what is deep there, masked. The really repressed, verdrinkte, inscribed itself into the very…

…know, and really it conceals a demand for a more authentic, strong master, while perverts are the true revolutionaries. Or, as even Freud somewhere says in a wrong way, I think, that perverts actually do what hysterics only dream about. Lacan, that goes to…

…who are psychoanalysts, who work in psychoanalysis, have a certain hostility and distance to philosophy. And this started already with Freud, who absolutely wanted to keep away from philosophy. He saw it even as a danger for psychoanalysis, his connection…

…this kind of injunction to produce sexual meanings, to recognize sexual... You have sometimes this still very bizarre image that Freud was actually somebody who... discovered sexual meanings behind everything. It was actually the other way around. It was not…

…I learned from you here, from your guys, like my good friend Artin, then of course Oksana, then of course Viktor Mazin from the Freud Museum and so on. Things are happening here. And I'm proud to be here. And I think that all... My God, are there some…

…different example. I'm just trying to illustrate to you this Möbius strip reversal. In a wonderful dream, wonderful interpretation of dream, Freud... quotes a woman who presented, didn't want to report to Freud a certain dream. She claimed that the dream is…

…strip reversal. In a wonderful dream, wonderful interpretation of dream, Freud... quotes a woman who presented, didn't want to report to Freud a certain dream. She claimed that the dream is so indistinct and muddled that she doesn't remember it clearly and…

…is so indistinct and muddled that she doesn't remember it clearly and so on and so on. But then it became clear that Freud the woman was, I'm not criticizing her, very promiscuous, and the true content of the dream was, I screwed around a lot, and…

…I screwed around a lot, and it's indistinct and muddle, she was pregnant, who the father of my child is. And what Freud does in a wonderful, properly Hegelian way is, he reached this formal feature, of the dream, the woman complaining, oh, it's muddled,…

…itself. I hope I'm clear here. How does it work, this Möbius strip reversal? And again, it's the same with the dream of Freud. The content of the dream, to get at it, you have to include the purely formal element of the dream is indistinct, muddled,…

…was with them in New York, in Frankfurt, and I insisted asking them a stupid question. Yes. What do you want? I told them, Freud asked the wrong question, was Wilders' vibe. I claimed, what do you want? And nobody gave me the answer, and I think that…

…post-Kantian Kant and post-Kantian thoughts, which has a privileged link with other fields, with, for example, psychoanalysis. I claim that Freud was not simply a positive scientist and so on. This may be the fundamental thesis of my work. the philosophy…

…a positive scientist and so on. This may be the fundamental thesis of my work. the philosophy or the philosophical stance implied by Freud. It's not some simple naturalism in the sense of sexuality is important and so on. It's a vision of man which fits…

…Our conscious ego is just like the tip of the iceberg, all the depth there. No, unconscious is purely phenomenal for Freud. Jung has a substantial notion of the unconscious. So again, in one line, my program is... that only by reading psychoanalysis…

…through German idealism can we arrive at what psychoanalytic revolution really amounts to and vice versa. Only against, only re-read through Freud can we keep alive the tradition of German idealism. And I think here it's a line I'm saying this still as…

…Psychoanalysis for me is not just a particular science of a particular domain of psychic troubles and so on and so on. As Freud made it clear, In a way, repeating almost Marx, in the same sense that Marx claimed that crises of capitalism are not…

…to understanding capitalism. The moment of excess, the moment when a system fails, is the key to understanding the system. And Freud made clearly the same point. Psychic breakdown struggles are not deviations simply of some normality, but are... The key to…

…a human person. The other reason that I appreciate this link of clinical practice with theory is that, as already Freud made it clear when he claims that psychoanalysis is one of the impossible professions. mainly Freud, says there that psychoanalysis…

…theory is that, as already Freud made it clear when he claims that psychoanalysis is one of the impossible professions. mainly Freud, says there that psychoanalysis would have been, as a clinical practice, fully possible only in a situation where it would…

…maternal fixation, something is wrong with you. But again, I think that both versions somehow spontaneously, this non-historical normativity, Freud is describing a certain normative process. Which is the way we become fully human. All other versions are…