…pleasure and enjoyment. And I think the most fundamental debate here in Greek philosophy comes down to that debate between Plato and Aristotle and practically the entire history of philosophy. I mean, I'm exaggerating, but not much. that all subsequent…

…not much. that all subsequent philosophical sort of reflections on the nature of pleasure somehow refer back to that inaugural debate between Plato and Aristotle. They either take one side or the other, or they try to combine them in some kind of creative…

…side or the other, or they try to combine them in some kind of creative way. So what are these two paradigms of pleasure? Plato defines pleasure as the filling of a lack. So I'll just state this very simply. For Plato, pleasure is the filling of a…

…these two paradigms of pleasure? Plato defines pleasure as the filling of a lack. So I'll just state this very simply. For Plato, pleasure is the filling of a lack. For Aristotle, pleasure is the enjoyment of an activity. For Plato, pleasure refers to a…

…this very simply. For Plato, pleasure is the filling of a lack. For Aristotle, pleasure is the enjoyment of an activity. For Plato, pleasure refers to a feeling. So it will be the soul's perception of some kind of process of replenishment, filling a lack…

…of dynamic force or an energy, an energeia. And that pleasure is linked to the living being's self-actualization. So whereas Plato will use examples of like eating and drinking as forms of satisfaction, Aristotle's primary examples will be thinking, seeing,…

…so I explore that in different ways. And in some ways that, let's say, also cut against the grain of, let's say, Plato and Aristotle's own pronouncements. I think one of the kind of wonderful... episodes in Greek philosophy that illustrates just how deeply…

…all the characters and really wanted it to push through this line of And maybe I was thinking when you were talking about Plato and the two halves looking for each other, I think that comedy is not very Platonistic in that sense. I think that the…

…which is love is about the individual. You'll then focus on the idea of beauty or of love or perfection. So that for Plato, the whole process is one of getting away from reality. Whereas in the novel, there's a sort of sense in which Matt's development…

…structurally, you know, life is a very complex thing, and sometimes it's very hard, and... Well, that's why I started with Plato, the idea of perfection. Well, let's get rid of that. You have imperfection, but you can still celebrate imperfection without…

…a wild alternate future and so on, We often make this mistake that we really imagine, and Marx already made this criticism of Plato. He said the problem with Plato's Republic is not that it's too idealized, but in its very ideality, the ideal state, it's…

…just an idealist version of the existing order. Although incidentally, just as another philosophical hint, I wouldn't underestimate Plato. The liberal tradition is telling us good, more democratic Aristotle versus oppressive Plato. But whatever you think about…

…another philosophical hint, I wouldn't underestimate Plato. The liberal tradition is telling us good, more democratic Aristotle versus oppressive Plato. But whatever you think about Plato, you have to admit two things, which are today extremely important, I…

…Plato. The liberal tradition is telling us good, more democratic Aristotle versus oppressive Plato. But whatever you think about Plato, you have to admit two things, which are today extremely important, I claim. First, read Plato's Republic. Did you…

…which are today extremely important, I claim. First, read Plato's Republic. Did you notice that first there are no slaves in it? And Plato is explicit here. No slaves in his ideal state, while, as we all know, Aristotle takes slaves as a fact, and he…

…of a passive position with even our dreams, everything taken from us. you that my favorite dialogues, I love dialogues, are late Plato dialogues. You know how they look, if you know philosophy, Plato, one guy talks all the time, the other guy every ten…

…from us. you that my favorite dialogues, I love dialogues, are late Plato dialogues. You know how they look, if you know philosophy, Plato, one guy talks all the time, the other guy every ten minutes just interrupts him by saying, Paisios, so it is, yes,…

…you have a whole panoply of anti-Platonism. You have political anti-Platonism, Popper and so on, Levinas, you know, like from Plato to NATO, Plato, the father of totalitarianism and so on. You have analytical philosophy anti-Platonism, like Plato, idealist, no…

…panoply of anti-Platonism. You have political anti-Platonism, Popper and so on, Levinas, you know, like from Plato to NATO, Plato, the father of totalitarianism and so on. You have analytical philosophy anti-Platonism, like Plato, idealist, no nominalism. You…

…like from Plato to NATO, Plato, the father of totalitarianism and so on. You have analytical philosophy anti-Platonism, like Plato, idealist, no nominalism. You have the Marxist anti-Platonism, Plato, the first... philosopher of the ruling class and so on…

…totalitarianism and so on. You have analytical philosophy anti-Platonism, like Plato, idealist, no nominalism. You have the Marxist anti-Platonism, Plato, the first... philosopher of the ruling class and so on you have the vitalist anti-platonism so again to go…

…is to go back and see through this screen image. memory. Okay, I will not now lose time of what you find in Plato. I think Plato is basically a philosopher of traumatic encounter. Like, you know, you are an ordinary guy like Socrates. Idea is something…

…saying is that... Precisely, philosophy, every great philosophy, always happens in the time of a crisis. Huge crisis. Sorry? Huge crisis. Plato, Aristotle, it's the end of Polish. It's already the decadence of Polish. And Hegel was quite aware. The new boost…

…authentic hero. And I wonder to what extent these movies play what I call Leo Strauss' game. You know, Leo Strauss read Plato in this way, that although Plato in some dialogues officially celebrates the good guy, But really, between the lines, it's the…

…what extent these movies play what I call Leo Strauss' game. You know, Leo Strauss read Plato in this way, that although Plato in some dialogues officially celebrates the good guy, But really, between the lines, it's the game already played by John Milton.…

…always also secretly at least influenced our ontology, even the most abstract philosophy. For example, that's why I prefer Plato to Aristotle. Aristotle's ontology is, he, le, morphe, is masculine versus feminine, and so on. Aristotle openly says it,…

…always giving a different reading. Heidegger, another big example. In a different way, Husserl, Wittgenstein, and so on. I think Plato already. Isn't he, even if it appears that you have this... dialogue about this, that dialogue about that. He's always…

…corroded. It also easily slips through our fingers, and it must be treated as carefully as a butterfly. And I think even Plato is here very ambiguous. His notion of idea is not some substantial another real reality. Ideas are on the surface, absolutely.…

…cannot answer. I like this, you know. Because I like dialogues. But as an arrogant philosopher, my preferred dialogues are, you know, Plato, Platon. You know, late Plato's dialogues, how they look. One guy talks all the time, and the other guy just says…

…You know, don't answer me like that, because then our dialogue will be like, I always use this joke, if you know philosophy, Plato. You know how late Plato's, the last dialogues of Plato look? One guy, Socrates or whoever, talks all the time, and every…

…dialogue will be like, I always use this joke, if you know philosophy, Plato. You know how late Plato's, the last dialogues of Plato look? One guy, Socrates or whoever, talks all the time, and every ten minutes or so, the other guy says, by Zeus, so…

…great philosophers... I think that this is the fate of most of them. The greatest Hegel is not the last Hegel. The greatest Plato is not the last Plato. The greatest Plato is Parmenides, where he gets into a total mess. And then after Parmenides, he…

…that this is the fate of most of them. The greatest Hegel is not the last Hegel. The greatest Plato is not the last Plato. The greatest Plato is Parmenides, where he gets into a total mess. And then after Parmenides, he just tries to bring some order.…

…the fate of most of them. The greatest Hegel is not the last Hegel. The greatest Plato is not the last Plato. The greatest Plato is Parmenides, where he gets into a total mess. And then after Parmenides, he just tries to bring some order. I'm sorry we…

…than in what is hidden beneath appearance. And I think, Alain, but you know this, that's also how we should read Plato. Not in the substantial way that there is reality, but beneath this reality there is another more substantial reality. No, when…

…in the substantial way that there is reality, but beneath this reality there is another more substantial reality. No, when Plato talks about eternal ideas, he precisely talks about the very form of appearance. Plato knew this, later realist readers missed…

…there is another more substantial reality. No, when Plato talks about eternal ideas, he precisely talks about the very form of appearance. Plato knew this, later realist readers missed it. Idea means the pure form of how things appear to us. At least the…

…Plato knew this, later realist readers missed it. Idea means the pure form of how things appear to us. At least the late Plato, he knows very well that ultimately our reality is one of decay, degradation, and so on. In Timaeus, in the last text, he…

…the not one is presupposed as like the absolute reality, like absolute negativity. Yeah. And then I was also reading in Plato that in the Symposium that There's man and woman, but originally there's an androgynous form. Yeah. Like a unified androgynous…

…you know, and so on. This is, wisdom is so deeply, and I think the greatest of our traditions, at least European. Plato, ancient Greek philosophy, or Christianity, they are absolutely anti-wisdom. Jesus Christ is a madman. I mean, in this sense of socially…

…particular role gets caught in hubris too much, but balance has to be restored. This is the very opposite of Christianity and of Plato. The basic idea of Plato is justice. Plato's idealism, in this sense, I am a materialist idealist, is that you go on…

…hubris too much, but balance has to be restored. This is the very opposite of Christianity and of Plato. The basic idea of Plato is justice. Plato's idealism, in this sense, I am a materialist idealist, is that you go on in your daily life, stupid daily…

…religions. I don't want to go into it. You find this. In Plato's idealism, you know, Plato's basic reaction was, the way Plato describes Socrates when he's thinking, it's really like a hysteric reaction of this, ah, he just stood there, immobilized, and so…

…And in order to get this idea to appear, one has to distort brutally the object's immediate reality. In a materialist reading of Plato, one can even say that the idea itself comes to be through such a distortion of reality. Now I will give you another…

…theory of ideology, but she does something wonderful here. She focuses on an aspect which is totally neglected in usual readings of Plato, because, you know, people are afraid of it, like it's too authoritarian, and so on and so on. Namely, Plato... does…

…in usual readings of Plato, because, you know, people are afraid of it, like it's too authoritarian, and so on and so on. Namely, Plato... does not say that we are, quote, this is the usual image, we are, we, the ordinary people who only observe on the…

…we, the ordinary people who only observe on the wall the spectacle of theater of shadows, that we are there chained and cannot live. Plato makes it clear that even if we get rid of our chains, we would not change. want to be free. And Plato was the…

…and cannot live. Plato makes it clear that even if we get rid of our chains, we would not change. want to be free. And Plato was the first to formulate this wonderful paradox. We have, in some sense, to be forced to be free. Here is, if you permit…

…have radically to change it radically. What kind of Epistemology is involved in this type of retroactive illusion. I want to go back to Plato here. I hope I don't have to tell you the entire story. You know it, Plato's cave? No? I want just to focus…

…very clearly the madness and violence, whatever, of my position. Namely, Plato's cave. There is one aspect of it's already in Plato, which is usually neglected. This concerns the relationship between freedom and servitude. It's not simply that when we are in…

…that when we are in the cave, just watching shadows, false reality on the wall, that we are chained there. We are not free. Plato asks us, The crucial question, and I think it's the duty of the left to assume it fully, namely, it's not just the chains…

…think it's the duty of the left to assume it fully, namely, it's not just the chains that keep us there. Read carefully Republic. Plato says, but what will happen if we break the chains? People will not simply say, fine, we are free, let's run out of…

…are part of our very intimate daily experience. How? When you feel free in your daily life. Usually it means you are, and Plato saw this very clearly, it means you are simply fully enslaved to your arbitrary passions and so on and through them to the…

…catastrophe Ereignis end of the world the Ereignis of the fall then all the three greatest philosophers they are for me Plato, Descartes, Hegel. Why? Because each of them defined the whole posterity. As Michel Foucault put it somewhere, isn't the whole…

…them defined the whole posterity. As Michel Foucault put it somewhere, isn't the whole history of philosophy a history of criticism of Plato? And after Descartes, they all want to get rid of Descartes. 19th century, they all want to get rid of Hegel. And…

…know the work of Badiou. Lacan also is stressing enormously the role of formalization. And he, for instance, Lacan takes up what Plato says in the Mennon on... where Plato promises to deal with the issue of value. And people are annoyed because actually…

…is stressing enormously the role of formalization. And he, for instance, Lacan takes up what Plato says in the Mennon on... where Plato promises to deal with the issue of value. And people are annoyed because actually he's dealing with what he calls the…

…you get warriors together with poets, this is bad. So, again, this made me, in my old age, a Platonist. You know, when Plato said, let's throw out poets of the Polish... You know, we learn. I mean, like, you know, people, for example, people say…

…you an idea. The bad thing is usually Hegel's notion of totality. Like totalitarian, you know, link. Like they say from Plato to NATO, from totality to totalitarianism. But if you read closely Hegel... What Hegel really means with his notion of totality…

…warn you, if some of you are philosophers, I like dialogue, but I like late Plato's dialogues. You know how they look, late Plato. One guy talks all the time, the other guy every ten minutes just says something like, Vizius, yes, so it is Socrates, so…

…for me, I radically disagree with Popper's basic anti-Platonic premise that you know. Yes, there are, of course, ominous things in Plato, but my God, if I were to choose between Plato and Aristotle, Plato absolutely. First, let's not forget this. First, of…

…premise that you know. Yes, there are, of course, ominous things in Plato, but my God, if I were to choose between Plato and Aristotle, Plato absolutely. First, let's not forget this. First, of course, I hope this is a rhetorical question. Did you read…

…know. Yes, there are, of course, ominous things in Plato, but my God, if I were to choose between Plato and Aristotle, Plato absolutely. First, let's not forget this. First, of course, I hope this is a rhetorical question. Did you read Plato's Politeia or…

…Alain Badiou, his dream is to stage... Alain Badiou has two dreams now. One is, as we all know, to do a film on Plato. But you know what kind of film. First, I thought some shitty Godard style, you know. No, no. Big Hollywood production. Brad Pitt…

…kind of film. First, I thought some shitty Godard style, you know. No, no. Big Hollywood production. Brad Pitt should be young Plato. Young Aristotle, who is bad guy, should be played by Tom Cruise, but the one from Magnolia, you know, the disgusting…

…from religious authority are used in practice. This whole regime of sexual regulation based on reproduction was already proposed by Plato in the laws, Plato, of course, being completely ignorant of Leviticus, Romans, or the Koran. The second version of…

…are used in practice. This whole regime of sexual regulation based on reproduction was already proposed by Plato in the laws, Plato, of course, being completely ignorant of Leviticus, Romans, or the Koran. The second version of religion after the death of…

…to the other and so on. Which is why the more I'm getting old, the more I like dialogues, but the late dialogues by Plato. You know where one guy talks all the time, and then every five minutes the other guy says something like, by Zeus, you are…

…history of philosophy is a history of one guy allegedly superseding the other, but really misreading him. For example, as an old Plato admirer, I claim it's clear how Aristotle... misread Plato, or to go later, it's clear that Kant misread Leibniz and the…

…the other, but really misreading him. For example, as an old Plato admirer, I claim it's clear how Aristotle... misread Plato, or to go later, it's clear that Kant misread Leibniz and the previous philosophers. Fichte, Schelling misread Kant, Hegel misread…

…The possibility, that is to say, the utopian revolutionary emancipatory potential. A quote from... He said this in his seminar on Plato on the 13th of February this year. You can find it on, it's available online. Quote, I translated it from French,…

…know that the whole Kierkegaard edifice is Christianity, religion as repetition against philosophy for Kierkegaard. From Socrates or Plato rather to Hegel, like erinnerung, rememoration. And, of course, in Freud, it's absolutely crucial, the compulsion to repeat,…

…do in the book is an attempt to mimic the history of philosophy that Heidegger wrote, only that in my version, it's not Plato is the truly bad guy, which keeps resurging, although he has been killed many times, but somehow Aristotle, with whom to modify…

…we ask, I follow here my friend, but who are these stupid philosophers who wanted just to interpret the world? None of them. Plato, you remember, went to Syracuse to the tyrant. Aristotle, all of them wanted some change. There is, from what I know, only…

…Platonic theory. The shock here is not, again, that the original turns out to be a mere copy. This is a standard deception, and Plato all the time warns us against it. Don't mistake a copy for the original. The shock is that what we took to be the…

…please at that brief split of a second we get the absolute appears and this is in what sense lacombe repeated against Plato that what Plato didn't see is that the supra-sensible, absolute idea is appearance as appearance. The absolute is that brief vision…

…brief split of a second we get the absolute appears and this is in what sense lacombe repeated against Plato that what Plato didn't see is that the supra-sensible, absolute idea is appearance as appearance. The absolute is that brief vision is that the…

…wrong number. I'm always tempted to do something. What? Well, I don't actually do it. Yet, as you probably know, it was already Plato who said that there are two kinds of people. those who actually do nasty things, and those who only dream about doing…

…philosophers. Name it. pre-Socratics. Lacan has a wonderful reading of Dan in Democritus, Socrates, the basic figure of transferes, Plato, Parmenides, Aristotle, Stoics, object A, Aquinas, just name it. The ridiculous answer I get is that Lacan was precisely…

…the enemy is, all the honor goes here to Judith Butler, the enemy is gender theory. They claim that they sound almost like Plato, who in his Republic, when he attacks music, he says, Plato, music may appear marginal, a form of amusement, but he says…

…enemy is gender theory. They claim that they sound almost like Plato, who in his Republic, when he attacks music, he says, Plato, music may appear marginal, a form of amusement, but he says music is a fundamental danger to the entire social order. Plato…

…says, Plato, music may appear marginal, a form of amusement, but he says music is a fundamental danger to the entire social order. Plato says if people are allowed to sing freely, and he's not afraid of the content of the songs, but just this very idea…

…but just this very idea of letting yourself go to an uncontrolled voice, which is not dominated by meaning of the words. Plato says, you end up being as an ape. Ultimately, the whole social order, spiritual order will disintegrate. We will become like…

…BC, it says beware of free singing, control free singing. You get some fragments from ancient Egypt saying the same. You have Plato. You have medieval Christianity. They were obsessed, as maybe some of you know, by devil's tritone, by some false form of…

…in The Tour of Abstraction, a nice essay on Althusser in one of the last issues of Diacritics, described this very nicely apropos Plato. So here is a quote from Toscano. All of Plato, the theory of ideas, the opposition of knowledge and opinion, and so…

…in one of the last issues of Diacritics, described this very nicely apropos Plato. So here is a quote from Toscano. All of Plato, the theory of ideas, the opposition of knowledge and opinion, and so on, is based on the break that the first science…

…opinion, and so on, is based on the break that the first science represents, mathematics. In a sense... This is because all of Plato is an attempt to control and in a way to sublate, in the Hegelian sense of this break, in a profoundly inventive but…

…in order to guarantee the hegemony of the ruling class ideology. There is some truth in this. All great philosophers after Plato repeat this gesture of containment. From Descartes, who is the great thinker of natural mechanistic sciences, but at the same…

…scientists. Now, Althusser's point is that against this predominant idealist form of philosophy, For Althusser, Disser, Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Kant, Hegel, Althusser asserts then the subterranean tradition of materialist counter-philosophy from early…

…should be controlled. And again, you have this fear. You should read this. This is the other side of Plato's logocentrism. What Plato says about music in his republic. It's incredible. It's the primordial fear. He says that if you allow free singing, you…

…becomes a kind of a self-reproducing loop of pleasure where the relation to meaning, to otherness disappears. But at the same time, Plato, as it were, read Derrida and knew what supplement was, because at the same time that he attacks this, no? He says…

…see how... Constant this motive is up to the end. By this I mean up to our times. For example, you have this in Plato, this absolute fear of free singing. It's the end of civilized order. Then, as we all know, the medieval church had the same problem…

…for them, religion was obscene. Their bad guy were the castratos. That was, for them, nightmare. And they basically returned to Plato. Plato claimed that the only singing that should be allowed is military songs. You see, Plato was a Deridean. He knew…

…for them, religion was obscene. Their bad guy were the castratos. That was, for them, nightmare. And they basically returned to Plato. Plato claimed that the only singing that should be allowed is military songs. You see, Plato was a Deridean. He knew that…

…metaphysical spirit. That's why I like the title here, Metaphysics of Love. they are just there. No, you should focus in Plato on the encounter of an idea. And in some wonderful, wonderful parts of his dialogues, Plato even clearly describes Socrates…

…there. No, you should focus in Plato on the encounter of an idea. And in some wonderful, wonderful parts of his dialogues, Plato even clearly describes Socrates confronting Eubankar, and your muscles will get stronger, and they even advise you to do a lot…

…way to our bones. You don't feel pain in an abstract way, you just register. And the biggest representative of this was Plato. You can feel how in his deep knowledge, text is mostly the degrading experience. And it's an extremely interesting topic at how…

…word by spiel, what comes by play. Like the whole Hegelian point, and this is Hegel's materialism, anti-Platonism, is that Even with Plato it's more complex, but basically Hegel's point is this one. Examples are never just examples in the sense of you have…

…it. The greatest stupidity that was ever told. First, who were these philosophers who only wanted to interpret it? None of them. Plato wanted to get all great philosophers have a plan how to change it. I know only one philosopher who didn't have such…

…for me, I radically disagree with Popper's basic anti-Platonic premise that, you know, Yes, there are of course ominous things in Plato, but my God, if I were to choose between Plato and Aristotle, Plato absolutely. First, let's not forget this. First, of…

…premise that, you know, Yes, there are of course ominous things in Plato, but my God, if I were to choose between Plato and Aristotle, Plato absolutely. First, let's not forget this. First, of course, I hope this is a rhetorical question. Did you read…

…know, Yes, there are of course ominous things in Plato, but my God, if I were to choose between Plato and Aristotle, Plato absolutely. First, let's not forget this. First, of course, I hope this is a rhetorical question. Did you read Plato's Politeia or…

…on. It is clear that this is the modern scientific notion of truth. We cannot apply the same notion of truth, for example, to Plato. To Plato, truth is accordance, how we call it, between our statement and reality. Like, I look at an object and I say…

…is clear that this is the modern scientific notion of truth. We cannot apply the same notion of truth, for example, to Plato. To Plato, truth is accordance, how we call it, between our statement and reality. Like, I look at an object and I say it's a…

…it's a chair there. Now, if there really is, I simplify to the utmost, a chair out there, my statement is true. For Plato, it's almost the opposite. Truth is not the, how do you call it, adequatio in Latin. The correspondence between between. Truth does…

…between between. Truth does not mean my statement fits the object. Truth is a property of the object itself. Truth, a true for Plato the question is not am I saying, is it true what I'm saying about a chair? But is this chair a true chair?…

…agree with him, but here I agree with Alain Badiou that the three absolute philosophers in the history of philosophy are Plato, Descartes, and Hegel. Why? Because they defined an entire epoch in a negative way. Apropos Descartes, Foucault said in a…

…a wonderful way, already early Foucault, that the entire history of philosophy can be defined as a history of attempts to refute Plato. And the same goes for the entire modern philosophy, different ways to screw Plato, and 19th, 20th century, how to be…

…defined as a history of attempts to refute Plato. And the same goes for the entire modern philosophy, different ways to screw Plato, and 19th, 20th century, how to be anti-Hegelian. And these are, I think, still the three great guys. Maybe another one.…

…but I always have this idea when I see a blind man, you know. Don't be afraid. I never do it. I just follow Plato, who said that there are two types of people. Those who... do horrible things and those who dream about horrible things, no other way.…

…as far as I know, of course not in the sense of Marxist practice, but practically all of them wanted to change the world. Plato, we know it. Republic was a blueprint to change. And you know the story. He even went to Syracuse, to Sicily, to convince…

…naive question. Did philosophers before Marx really only interpret the world instead of changing it? Did they all, starting from Plato, not propose a project for radically changing the world? I would say, show me one traditional philosopher who did not…

…project for radically changing the world? I would say, show me one traditional philosopher who did not try to change the world. Plato, you know his miserable excursion to Syracuse, trying to convince the tyrant, up to Fichte and so on, Kant, project for…

…by Rousseau that a political crime, totalitarian revolution, gulag, will be committed. Or, as they say in English, from Plato to Nato. The ordinary political policeman goes to secret organizations to arrest terrorists, the philosophical policeman goes to…

…disturbing axis, has a precise function. It's the weak point, the symptom point of classification. And we all know that from Plato onwards the problem of classification is always where things get complicated. You know, Plato already has this problem if you…

…classification. And we all know that from Plato onwards the problem of classification is always where things get complicated. You know, Plato already has this problem if you classify things with the ideas, but what do you do with vulgar objects like shit,…

…universe. For today's anti-modernist partisans of a new post-secular holistic paradigm, each time things went fatally wrong. When Plato asserted abstract, notional thinking against the thought embedded in a concrete life world, when Christianity asserted the…

…often developed. In the sphere of philosophy, there are, I claim, three key philosophers, only three in the entire Western thought. Plato, Descartes, Hegel. Why? A very simple negative proof. And again, Alain Badiou gave me this idea. Did you notice how…

…occupies a unique position in the sense that no one wants to be a pure person? Platonist, Cartesian, Hegelian. Already for Plato, Michel Foucault mentioned somewhere that the entire history of Western philosophy can be defined as the history of rejections or…

…Foucault mentioned somewhere that the entire history of Western philosophy can be defined as the history of rejections or criticisms of Plato. It begins immediately with Aristotle, you know, a more nominalist view, Stoicism, and so on and so on, like... It's…

…in this negative way, defines the last 200 years. Just to give you a very brief, shortened recapitulation of my idea. For example, Plato. Here I refer to Alain Badiou's seminar on Plato, you can find it online from a couple of years ago, where he goes…

…Just to give you a very brief, shortened recapitulation of my idea. For example, Plato. Here I refer to Alain Badiou's seminar on Plato, you can find it online from a couple of years ago, where he goes to six main anti-Platonic positions, even Now, okay,…

…philosophical dialogue which really worked in the sense that it was not a misunderstanding it's clear Aristotle totally misunderstood Plato or later it's clear that Fichte misunderstood Kant Hegel misunderstood everyone Marx misunderstood Hegel and so on I…

…the third century before Christ. We would be overjoyed to learn of the existence of a correspondence between some black philosopher and Plato. But we can absolutely not see how this fact would change the lives of eight years old kids working in the cane…

…That, you know, now we engage in a dialogue. And I like dialogues. But I like Platonic dialogues. Which ones? You know, late Plato. How do late Plato's dialogues look? One guy talks all the time, and the other guy just every 10 minutes says something…

…warn you, if some of you are philosophers, I like dialogue, but I like late Plato's dialogues. You know how they look? Late Plato. One guy talks all the time, the other guy every ten minutes just says something like, Vizius, yes, so it is Socrates.…

…are some jokes, but maybe three, four jokes, not too much. It's extremely boring. The first hundred pages is close Hegelian reading of Plato, Parmenides. Then it's 100 pages on Fichte, and so on and so on. So let's see what happens. Oh, you'll get the…

…them official dissidents. They make a pact. With nomenclatura, like, yes, you do, you know, all that open society popper from Plato, Rousseau, Marx, bad guys, catastrophe, you do all this, we don't care. Just don't be too concrete here with small concrete…

…questions already and now? And second thing, we have now a dialogue. But remember, I am a Platonist. And I like, if you know Plato, you know how do they look, the last Plato dialogues. One guy talks all the time. The other guy only says every ten…

…now a dialogue. But remember, I am a Platonist. And I like, if you know Plato, you know how do they look, the last Plato dialogues. One guy talks all the time. The other guy only says every ten minutes, like, yes, Socrates by Zeus... Let's have this…

…it only Stalin? Was it already Lenin? Was it already Marx? Was it already Rousseau? Was it already Christianity? Was it already Plato? Then we can play this game from Plato to NATO, no one big line. But capitalist violence is much more anonymous. It's…

…Was it already Marx? Was it already Rousseau? Was it already Christianity? Was it already Plato? Then we can play this game from Plato to NATO, no one big line. But capitalist violence is much more anonymous. It's just in the system. And so you cannot…

…uh In contrast to this idea, don't get involved, remain, maintain an inner distance, isn't the entire Western ethics, starting with Plato, precisely an ethics of falling into, opening yourself to an encounter, like falling in love. our western love is not…

…jokes. Let me begin. There are three, I claim, and only three key philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. Plato, Descartes, Hegel. The proof of their privileged status is their extraordinary, outside the series, position Each of the three not…

…history of Western philosophy can be defined as the history of rejections of Platonism. The problem for practically everyone after Plato was how to reject Plato. can be conceived as the history of rejections of Descartes. Everyone, even today, usually begins…

…be defined as the history of rejections of Platonism. The problem for practically everyone after Plato was how to reject Plato. can be conceived as the history of rejections of Descartes. Everyone, even today, usually begins with some kind of anti-Cartesian…

…even to mention Hegel. Well, the entire post-Hegelian philosophy is how to overcome Hegel. So let me begin with Plato. this non-publicist seminar, six main partially intertwined forms of the 20th century anti-Platonism. First we have the vitalist…

…becoming the flux process of life becoming against the intellectual sterility of Platonic idealism. As Nietzsche already put it, Plato is the name for a disease. Then we have the empiricist analytic anti-Platonism. Plato believed in the independent existence…

…whatever. Which is why I think it's enough for philosophy to be blamed. You know, we philosophers are blamed for everything, Plato, the first totalitarian, whatever. Why not start also with poetry? It's not an accident that the leader of Bosnian Serbs,…

…push him in. So let me begin. I would like to begin by reading you a poem. Now, I'm a well-known partisan of Plato. He was right, poets out, but nonetheless. It's a well-known poem by Baudelaire, Stranger, Le Tranget. Tell its poem in prose. Tell me,…

…road leads from the philosophical notion of totality to political totalitarianism, as they used to say it when I was young, from Plato to Nato to Nathan. And the task of philosophical police is to discover from a book of Plato's dialogues or a treatise…

…Marxism, totalitarianism, everything is already in Marx, and then, as some other people, they like to go back, in Rousseau, in Plato, and My favorite guys here are Adorno and Horkheimer. Basically, they are saying everything is here with the first magicians…

Thank you very much. My gratitude to the giant of Greece in whose person the spirit of Plato and Aristotle has come alive again. Okay, we will not go on. maybe you will be disappointed today because I will really stick to the topic the wire now I know…

…So isn't this the same Platonic theory of anamnesis? We're born with everything we know. I mean, like, in a sense, it's Plato like a Freudian. Oh, definitely, yes. Although, again, okay, there are two problems here. The first one is... How exactly do we…

…a slave. We should maybe, where are my slaves? We should maybe repeat it. I will ask you about a square. You know that Plato. You want to play the game. Sorry. What I want to say is that, but then for Kierkegaard, Christianity is not remembering. its…

…dirty things about you without feeling guilty. You know that he was dreaming two, three years ago of doing a movie on life of Plato. Because that movie about the death of Jesse James or what, Alain liked that movie and said, I want him dead. She wanted…

…about the death of Jesse James or what, Alain liked that movie and said, I want him dead. She wanted a wife for Plato. She said, why only Socrates has a wife who was beating him, Xanthippa, Penelope Cruz. And then comes the wonderful moment. We debated…

…that a political crime, gulag, whatever, will be committed. Or, as we used to say when I was young, from Plato to NATO. You know, straight line. The ordinary political policeman goes to secret organizations to arrest revolutionaries. The philosophical…

…Rousseau that a political crime like gulag, Whatever will be committed. As we said it when I was young, from Plato to NATO to NATO line. The ordinary political policeman goes to secret organizations to arrest revolutionaries. The philosophical policeman goes…

…straight road leads from philosophical notion of totality to political totalitarianism, or as we usually ironically put it, the line from Plato to NATO. And the task of philosophical police is to discover from a book of Plato's dialogues, or like Rousseau's…

…this is what I like about Hegel. You know, here you can see that Hegel was a materialist, in a radical sense. For Plato, Platonists, and I hear I have a problem with my good friend Alain Badiou, I totally sympathize with his rehabilitation of Plato…

…Platonists, and I hear I have a problem with my good friend Alain Badiou, I totally sympathize with his rehabilitation of Plato against Aristotle. I think there are some problems like, you know, if Plato's state is something, it's based on a corporate…

…about communism, no? Trying to reread it as a, it's a wonderful thing what he is doing. he is for example replacing when Plato says a sophist is trying to seduce the crowd Alain put into translate it as a corrupted bourgeois journalist is publishing an…

…journalist is publishing an article and so on in the popular press but I think that here you get a problem. So for Plato example is always deficient with regard to an idea, no? Like examples are imperfect, but for Hegel there also is always a gap…

…that's my first point. This image is real. and at the same time virtual. And here I'm an unashamed Platonist. I think that Plato just has to be corrected the way Lacan suggests. A Platonic idea is not some deeper substantial reality. It's just, you know,…

…universe. For today's anti-modernist partisans of a new post-secular holistic paradigm, each time thinks when fatally wrong. When Plato asserted abstract notional thinking against the thought embedded in a concrete life world, when Christianity asserted the…

…a black literature or architecture from the 3rd century BC. We would be overjoyed. of a correspondence between some black philosopher and Plato. But we can absolutely not see how this fact would change the lives of eight years old kids working in the cane…

…I think, does break with the tradition of the primacy of knowledge, ethical primacy of knowledge, which spans from Buddhism through Plato to Spinoza. You know, this idea that when you are evil, your knowledge is lacking, like you cannot know the good,…

…attacks them. somewhere in Egypt, let us say, 300, 400 years before Christ, a philosopher who was in constant dialogue with Plato, and to prove that Plato stole ideas for him, but he says brutally, it matters nothing for liberation politically today, and…

…in Egypt, let us say, 300, 400 years before Christ, a philosopher who was in constant dialogue with Plato, and to prove that Plato stole ideas for him, but he says brutally, it matters nothing for liberation politically today, and so on and so on and so…

…the gradual deployment of the dialectics of enlightenment which culminates in today's administered world. As some people used to say, from Plato to Nato, from Plato to Nato, it's a straight line. And incidentally, it is this aspect that I also find…

…of the dialectics of enlightenment which culminates in today's administered world. As some people used to say, from Plato to Nato, from Plato to Nato, it's a straight line. And incidentally, it is this aspect that I also find problematic in our good friend…

…This is what I like, again, in Deleuze. He's far from the idea, all hitherto is... No, he says, let's look at even Plato, who appears to be his enemy, even Kant, Spinoza, everywhere you see an exception, everywhere you see a miracle. Catholic Church, on…