…don't know, to gather once a year all Auschwitz inmates and make them sign a telegram wishing all the best to Hitler and so on. Another thing which accounts for this difference. Precisely, these so-called show trials, monstrous trials. You have something…

…say that nonetheless fascism was a reaction to communism, that it took all bad features from communism, like already in Soviet Union before Hitler they had concentration camps and so on and so on. Then you just have to go one step further and say those…

…find this. Okay, we can play the game if Georg Strasser or those early SA Nazis were this, but Afterwards, once Hitler established himself, sorry, I'm not aware of any tendency in Nazi Germany reproaching Hitler for betraying the true fascist legacy or…

…SA Nazis were this, but Afterwards, once Hitler established himself, sorry, I'm not aware of any tendency in Nazi Germany reproaching Hitler for betraying the true fascist legacy or whatever. And I think precisely this radical inner tension in Stalinism is a…

…things. One is that actually it was also Stalin himself who was supposed to send letters to himself. He was also differently than Hitler was putting his hands together after his own speeches. Yeah, I remember. This is one of my big jokes. And you can…

…speeches. Yeah, I remember. This is one of my big jokes. And you can check it empirically if you don't believe me. Hitler gives a speech. People applaud. He just stands and recognizes himself as the addressee. When you have a Stalinist leadership, after…

…capitalism. No, they only claim, you know, it reminds me a little bit of this right-wing, not defense, but ambiguity towards Hitler. You must know this classical line of argumentation where they say, okay, we admit it, Hitler did some problematic things…

…right-wing, not defense, but ambiguity towards Hitler. You must know this classical line of argumentation where they say, okay, we admit it, Hitler did some problematic things like kill the Jews and so on, but on the other hand, you know, trains were on…

…people were unemployment, he built highways, But he told me that immediately after the fall of communism he met some East Germans, typically Hitler did some good things, like trying to kill the Jews, to get rid of the Jews. But he did also some horrible…

…want, we all obey so that we can live together. This is the true fight for light culture. For example, it's clear what Hitler did to Germany. Before, in private Germany, they had the light culture which was, in a way, Hitler was right, but of course…

…example, it's clear what Hitler did to Germany. Before, in private Germany, they had the light culture which was, in a way, Hitler was right, but of course in the wrong way, predominantly a kind of a secularized Jewish very efficiently. It's interesting to…

…opposed to this Let's make a simple mental experiment. In this phrase, replace enemy with a concrete name. Would you also say Hitler was our enemy because we didn't really hear his story? You can replace Hitler with Brezhnev, with whomever it was. I'm…

…enemy with a concrete name. Would you also say Hitler was our enemy because we didn't really hear his story? You can replace Hitler with Brezhnev, with whomever it was. I'm quite sure that if somebody were to ask Gustav Cusack in 1969, would have asked…

…The truth is not in there, in the heart of your personality. I assure that. If you were to look from real proximity at Stalin, Hitler and so on, you would discover that in their family they were very kind and so on. And you should go to the end…

…an extremely brutal, cruel manipulator. One can even say, with a comical exaggeration, that he is most responsible for Hitler. Because Father Joseph France and Protestant Sweden against the Austrian-German Empire. The result of this was that Germany delayed…

…Empire. The result of this was that Germany delayed its unification and, as we all know, this created the ground for Hitler ultimately. The result of this was that Germany delayed its unification and, as we all know, This created the ground for…

…The result of this was that Germany delayed its unification and, as we all know, This created the ground for Hitler ultimately. So what fascinated Hachi was that this extremely brutal manipulator, every evening after finishing his job, wrote incredibly…

…ordinary person was totally confused. He saw moral degradation, economic crisis, and so on. He didn't know what is going on. And Hitler provided the answer. The Jew is behind all of this. Another crucial element of fantasy is that fantasy is not opposed…

…at the surface. If you look at old documentary films, you immediately notice a mysterious feature. When a fascist leader, like Hitler, gives a speech, at the end the people applaud, the leader just accepts the applause. Look at the Stalinist speeches, note…

…about it. This is meaningless in fascism. What should they do? Collect the Jews in Auschwitz to sign all the best for Hitler. The tragedy is that this picture makes Stalinism part of Enlightenment project. The idea is, even if you are the lowest Trotsky,…

…It brings, in a way, consistency into it. And now I hope you get my point, which is that, for example, with anti-Semitism, Hitler did exactly the same. An ordinary German... in the 20s, experienced what? On the one hand, fear of banks, fear of the…

…he perceived this media. On the other hand, decay of morality, moral crisis, promiscuity, and so on and so on. And what Hitler did, and it's precisely from rich bankers he got, he took profit making from From law, legal class, he took this corruption…

…dealing with structural deadlock. How can we find our way in such a confusing situation? Back in the 1930s, Hitler offered anti-Semitism as a narrative explanation of the troubles experienced by ordinary Germans. Unemployment, moral decay, social unrest. Behind…

…purely moralistic answers like the one I already mentioned, money should serve people, not people serve money. Well, my cynical answer is Hitler would fully agree with it because he would add money which is not controlled by the people is controlled by the…

…the beginning. You have all the time dissident tensions and so on and so on. The only dissident tension in fascism was when Hitler got rid in 1934 of SA, of the brutal ordinary tax, to become Somebody with pretending having enough dignity to rule and so…

…forget that they really mean anti-Zionism. Okay, I have a problem with this. My problem is that... In this way, you can redeem even Hitler, I mean. You can also say, and in a way, at an interpretive level, it is true to say that when Hitler was…

…even Hitler, I mean. You can also say, and in a way, at an interpretive level, it is true to say that when Hitler was attacking Jews, he was really attacking financial capitalism, no? Okay, but so what? Six million, ten million people had to die, no?…

…a half-Jew, at the movies, to admire Proust, a half-Jew, to applaud Yehudi Menuhin, a Jew, and, I love this, even the voice of Hitler is carried over radio waves named after the Jew, Kurtz, and so on. I like this one. We don't want to kill anyone. We…

…this is also, I think, what renders so traumatic her thesis about the banality of evil. That, you know, imagine talking to Hitler. I mean, I definitely know he had moments of pathetic sentimentality, he liked small children, they are all warm human beings…

…of ideology. It is most basic. Ideology is the primordial version of augmented reality. Again, to simplify things to the utmost. Did Hitler not offer the Germans in 1930s the fantasy frame of Nazi ideology which made them see a specific Pokemon? The Jew,…

…the English word plot. It's at the same time plot in the narrative sense and plot in the sense of Jewish plot. That's what Hitler did by adding the Jew in the sense of the Jewish plot He allowed to ordinary Germans to make the situation readable. You…

…plot He allowed to ordinary Germans to make the situation readable. You know, you are confused, inflation, whatever, economic chaos. But then Hitler said, Jewish plot, ah, now I see it clearly. And we don't have time for it today, but it would be so…

…can happen here what i'm saying is that look the big example is what And I'm not playing the stupid game of comparing Bush to Hitler. I don't go so far. But remember Germany in the 20s. It was all one big shock. And the battle was which ideology will…

…in the 20s. It was all one big shock. And the battle was which ideology will impose itself as a predominant narrative. Hitler won. Hitler won before winning in reality, he won the ideological battle. In the sense of people, when they experience the…

…20s. It was all one big shock. And the battle was which ideology will impose itself as a predominant narrative. Hitler won. Hitler won before winning in reality, he won the ideological battle. In the sense of people, when they experience the situation, I…

…way communism worse. And then. The other part of the story is that you try to introduce secondary distinctions within fascism. Like Hitler was bad. But was Mussolini really so bad? Was Franco really so bad? And so on. You know, this kind of…

…on. An enemy is just someone whose story we were not ready to listen to. Are they crazy? So it's good to know that Hitler was our enemy, you know, because we were not ready to listen. No, we have to accept that there are ideologies which are really…

…because we were not ready to listen. No, we have to accept that there are ideologies which are really bad. The problem with Hitler is not that we were not listening to their side of the story. Maybe we should even listen as, among others, although of…

…was listening already in the early 30s to that story. That's why he got it immediately, an old anti-communist as he was, that Hitler is much greater danger than Soviet Union and so on. So my idea is this one. Why this pressure to understand when? To…

…is that the modern democratic Europe, today, European Union and so on, is, he uses this clausurist metaphor, a prolongation of Hitler, of Nazism with other means. This is how Milner perceives modern democratic Europe. Now in a way which totally goes beyond…

…so of course then this is how people are made to accept the obviously unjust economy finally became a fully tested science. Hitler is that, if we take, for example, East and West Germany, we had an almost laboratory experiment. The same nation cut into…

…but American imperialism or whatever. I think it's a vain hope. I think that it's the same American-English imperialism, so let's join Hitler. Later Hitler will see that it's not really the Jews, but capitalism as such, and so on and so on. But this…

…American imperialism or whatever. I think it's a vain hope. I think that it's the same American-English imperialism, so let's join Hitler. Later Hitler will see that it's not really the Jews, but capitalism as such, and so on and so on. But this is a…

…crisis means just the ruling Who knows who will win? We know that. Out of a crisis in Germany, there were stronger communists, but Hitler was even stronger, and so on and so on. Now the battle is going on. Will this economic meltdown be used not only…

…to workers, to farmers, to them. But as Marx put it, his only true social base was the thugs, the rebel. And again, the same with Hitler, SA thugs, and so on and so on. Okay, but this is another topic. What I want now to go on is to show how there…

…systemic violence, which is why he had to do Kristallnacht. This is, in Nietzsche's sense, reactive violence. I don't want to concede to Hitler even this evil greatness of, my God, the guy was evil, but he had balls. No, he was a coward. He didn't have…

…me, to make a good example, for example, Gandhi was for me, as I like to say, to provoke people more violent than Hitler. Because Hitler was a coward. Gandhi, whatever he was, he wasn't a coward. He really... DD, transformation, and so on and so on.…

…make a good example, for example, Gandhi was for me, as I like to say, to provoke people more violent than Hitler. Because Hitler was a coward. Gandhi, whatever he was, he wasn't a coward. He really... DD, transformation, and so on and so on. Okay, the…

…is an interesting here political background also, because obviously the true opponent of the king, the guy who knows how to speak, is Hitler, of course. But this is not central. I want to propose a simple, naive, but I think correct reading of the film.…

…that he is naturally a master and Our lives will be better. Well, I hope this is not the only way to resist Hitler, to become stupid. Now, just briefly, let's go to the other side. The film The Black Swan, the feminine counterpart. You remember the…

…historicists. I mean, Michael Stalin's basic motto was, everything depends on circumstances, everything is contingent and so on. Read Hitler. Well, it's not amusing reading, it's boring, but you can learn something. Hitler also, it's clear that his vision…

…circumstances, everything is contingent and so on. Read Hitler. Well, it's not amusing reading, it's boring, but you can learn something. Hitler also, it's clear that his vision is some kind of a tragic historicist contingency. Heroes emerge, but at the end,…

…is the almost because in so called totalitarian regimes I think you have the combination of the two strategies because although in Hitler, in the case of Hitler's Germany, you have this logic of you do publicly horrible things but privately you are a nice…

…president openly soliciting extrajudicial murders, as you know? murders of drug addicts and dealers, going up to comparing himself with Hitler. He stands for the decay of the rule of law, for the transformation of state power into an extra-legal mob…

…be called the way we want so that we will not be hurt. I mean, to give you an extreme example. Take somebody like Hitler. No, she should be called dirty criminal, monster. She should be called precisely so that it will hurt as much as possible, and so…

…Trump's eventual victory can start a process out of which an authentic left would emerge. Their counter-argument is a reference to Hitler. Many German communists welcomed. That's a very sad story. in Europe. Welcomed in 1933, the Nazi takeover as a new…

…the same with Trump? Is Trump a danger which should bring together a broad front in the same way that Hitler did, a front where decent conservatives and libertarians fight together with mainstream liberal progressives and whatever remains of the radical…

…someone whose story we were not ready to hear or something like this. Are you crazy? So would you say that the problem with Hitler was he was our enemy because we were not open enough to hear his story? No. There are real enemies. The greatness of…

…States are too complex a country and you cannot apply to him this situation of 1933 where also many leftists thought it's better Hitler that at least the front will be clear. No, no. Trump cannot do this. Trump is not simply a neo-fascist. He's a…

…don't want to hear your side of the story. Sorry, but this wisdom has great limitations. Would you also say, for example, that Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to listen? No. There are real enemies. Okay. Where the more you listen to his…

…Philippine president, openly soliciting extrajudicial murders of drug addicts and dealers, going up to comparing himself positively, of course, with Hitler? He stands for the decay of the rule of law, for the transformation of state power into an extra-legal…

…was shot in the fall of 44. And, you know, what was in the fall of 1945? I mean, Germany was losing. Goebbels convinced Hitler to allow him to withdraw tens of thousands of soldiers from the front to play in the film. The military industry has to…

…a certain vision, different visions. You know, if you just play this game, victims, victims, my God, in this way you can justify Hitler. You can say, which is in a way true, Hitler was a reaction to the unjust peace of Versailles. Where? In an unfair…

…you just play this game, victims, victims, my God, in this way you can justify Hitler. You can say, which is in a way true, Hitler was a reaction to the unjust peace of Versailles. Where? In an unfair way, and this is not, I'm not a Nazi if I say…

…the 20s and so on. That the way in Versailles peace Germany was treated was unjust. Okay, but does this mean that we don't fight Hitler? Does this mean that we say, sorry we are responsible for it and so on and so on? That's one line of thought. You…

…you, I just fetishize you as the terrifying other. Now whenever I hear this, my first reaction is, oh that's good to know, so Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to understand him and so on. No, fuck you, there are real enemies and for…

…so on. No, fuck you, there are real enemies and for example the wisdom of Winston Churchill. was that he was listening to Hitler from the very beginning. And he knew it immediately that Hitler is even more dangerous than Soviet Union, than Stalin. And as…

…the wisdom of Winston Churchill. was that he was listening to Hitler from the very beginning. And he knew it immediately that Hitler is even more dangerous than Soviet Union, than Stalin. And as a great conservative, he saw it. Sorry, I hate communism,…

…as a great conservative, he saw it. Sorry, I hate communism, but at this point we have to unite with Russia against Hitler and so on. So that's my problem. Here again I agree with my right-wing friend Peter Sloterdijk. but in totally open, authentically…

…country, up to sacrificing your life for it. It is much more difficult to commit a crime for your country when it is needed. Hitler knew very well how to play this double game, apropos the Holocaust, using Himmler as his hagen. In the speech to the SS…

…may appear. It's not that mask is just a mask, but beneath you can see, let's say I am a Nazi, If I were to be Hitler and would be caught today, I don't know, mega old and accused, I would have said, but you only see me as a public figure. Didn't…

…laugh about it in the same way that it's always good to know this. Till like 2930, all Germany was mostly laughing at Hitler, no? Then they stopped laughing, no? So again, again, my sincere apologies and again I always insist on this let's not fetishize…

…of London, was accused of anti-Semitism, Okay, he said it a little bit too brutally, and it's not true in that sense that Hitler was a Zionist. Okay, it's not the most tasteful statement you can imagine. But he was at some point not right, but what…

…My friends from Norway translated me some parts. He's at the same time openly anti-Semitic. He openly says how Jews are a problem, Hitler did the work, we don't have that threat in Europe, but England and US have that threat. But at the same time he's…

…goes on. In a speech to the World Zionist Congress in Jerusalem, now in October 21, 2015, Benjamin Netanyahu suggested that Hitler only wanted to expel Jews from Germany, not to exterminate them, and that it was Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Palestinian Grand…

…to expel Jews from Germany, not to exterminate them, and that it was Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Palestinian Grand Mufti, who persuaded Hitler to kill the Jews. The idea is that Hosseini told Hitler that if he just expels the Jews from Europe, they will…

…that it was Haj Amin al-Husseini, the Palestinian Grand Mufti, who persuaded Hitler to kill the Jews. The idea is that Hosseini told Hitler that if he just expels the Jews from Europe, they will come to Palestine. And then Hitler asked, what should I do…

…The idea is that Hosseini told Hitler that if he just expels the Jews from Europe, they will come to Palestine. And then Hitler asked, what should I do with them? And Mufti replied, burn them. Of course, it's total fiction, but I want to draw your…

…open myself to him I will blah blah but my counterpoint is really how far do you go here so it's good to learn that Hitler was our enemy because you know we were not ready to open ourselves to history no what if and that's the problem of the…

…observation of mine. You know, maybe you know the joke, I'm sorry. You know that if you watch old documentaries on Stalin, Hitler and so on, you may have noticed one big difference. When fascist leader is applauded, he just stands up and recognizes…

…difference. In Nazi Germany, such a ritual would be totally meaningless. You know, together Jews in Auschwitz to sign a telegram to Hitler and so on. or even the most horrible aspect of made one-off, of Stalinism, the show trials. Why these trials, which…

…if you really listen to him, you see his side of the story and ah-ah. First brutal argument. Ah, so it's good to know Hitler was our enemy because, you know, we just didn't listen to him enough or whatever. No, the example of Hitler shows that, you…

…good to know Hitler was our enemy because, you know, we just didn't listen to him enough or whatever. No, the example of Hitler shows that, you know, unfortunately there are real enemies. And the more you listen to his story, the more you are terrified.…

…him, you will see he's not just a monster and so on and so on. Well, my first reaction is, nice to know. So, haha, Hitler was our enemy because we didn't really listen to him. No, we have to accept here two things. First, of course, not racially, but…

…the same? Was Netanyahu not doing the same? When he claimed that it was that Hosseini, a Palestinian mufti who suggested to Hitler to burn the Jews and so on and so on. I think something is happening here which should effectively worry us. disintegration…

…statement, an enemy is someone whose story we were not ready to listen to. Ah, my reaction is nice to know. So Hitler was our enemy because we didn't attentively listen to... No, here I'm standard pro-British. What was great with all my disagreements…

…to... No, here I'm standard pro-British. What was great with all my disagreements about Winston Churchill is that he was listening to Hitler already in the early 30s. And he immediately got it, this guy is more dangerous even than Stalin, and so on. So…

…wouldn't have been a Jewish state of Israel. So I told them, okay, draw this to the end and put a monument to Hitler in Tel Aviv. Because isn't it in some naive sense true? Probably, maybe not, but probably, without Hitler and the horror of Holocaust,…

…a monument to Hitler in Tel Aviv. Because isn't it in some naive sense true? Probably, maybe not, but probably, without Hitler and the horror of Holocaust, international community would not have supported Israel. Now, isn't it that such a logic, in this…

…read about this moment's crazy statements? I almost like them when Netanyahu recently said in an interview that it wasn't really Hitler who is responsible of the Holocaust, that Hitler just, it's serious, it's not a joke, that Hitler just wanted to throw…

…like them when Netanyahu recently said in an interview that it wasn't really Hitler who is responsible of the Holocaust, that Hitler just, it's serious, it's not a joke, that Hitler just wanted to throw the Jews out. But that Mufti Husseini, whatever,…

…that it wasn't really Hitler who is responsible of the Holocaust, that Hitler just, it's serious, it's not a joke, that Hitler just wanted to throw the Jews out. But that Mufti Husseini, whatever, the leader of Palestinians, who effectively met Hitler, but…

…Hitler just wanted to throw the Jews out. But that Mufti Husseini, whatever, the leader of Palestinians, who effectively met Hitler, but not at that point, a little bit later Netanyahu, but nonetheless, that's Netanyahu's story, was afraid that throwing the…

…throwing the Jews out meant This is that they will come to Palestina. So the story, totally invented, is that Netanyahu told, sorry, Hitler told to Husseini, I want to throw Jews out. Then Husseini told him, okay, but where will they go? To us, to…

…Husseini, I want to throw Jews out. Then Husseini told him, okay, but where will they go? To us, to Palestina. And that Hitler replied, okay, but what should they do with the Jews? And then that Husseini said, burn them. And this gave to Netanyahu the…

…what should they do with the Jews? And then that Husseini said, burn them. And this gave to Netanyahu the idea of, sorry, to Hitler, the idea of, but what I like so much, and here you get the good side of my Jewish friends. My leftist Jewish friends…

…heard. Like, you know, you fetishize the enemy. No, I'm totally opposed to it. Just think about it. So it's good to learn. Hitler was our enemy because, you know, we didn't open ourselves to hear his side of the story about antisemitism, maybe. No, it's…

…only that if you hear his story, it's a pretty disgusting story. The situation is even more tricky. I don't think the truth of Hitler is the story he was telling. The truth of Hitler was the horrors he was doing. And I don't think... I mean, for every…

…story. The situation is even more tricky. I don't think the truth of Hitler is the story he was telling. The truth of Hitler was the horrors he was doing. And I don't think... I mean, for every crime that you do, you can construct a wonderful…

…from my limited imagination, but I ignore how he or they also have a story to tell, they have their own side of the story. Hitler was our enemy because we haven't really listened to his story. I claim we should listen to his story. And it can even be…

…German politician, who I was told by Karl Heinz, the myth is that he stayed in the same hotel that I stay here, Reichshof, Hitler. Are you ready to say Hitler was our enemy? Because we were not ready to listen to his story. No, sorry, there are…

…by Karl Heinz, the myth is that he stayed in the same hotel that I stay here, Reichshof, Hitler. Are you ready to say Hitler was our enemy? Because we were not ready to listen to his story. No, sorry, there are enemies. Real enemies. What does this…

…is An enemy is someone whose story we didn't yet hear, you know. Ah, thanks, that's good to know, thanks. So it means Hitler was only our enemy because we didn't read enough of Mein Kampf and... Understood? No, that's the tragedy of violence today. If…

…last statement by Netanyahu? That it was really that Husseini guy, the boss of Palestinians in the 30s, who in 41 suggested to Hitler to do it and so on and so on. Incidentally, and that's what I like about my Jewish friends, they immediately exploded…

…power. That's why I always claim that we are approaching a kind of a post-democratic system, but that it will not be a new Hitler, Stalin with dignity. It will be more kind of a Berlusconi type. You know, the guy who, I mean, I spoke with some…

…argument I can imagine to ruin this earth. Socialism, no wonder everybody can be a socialist. It just means some communal sense. Hitler was a socialist, Bill Gates is a socialist. It just means, no, it's not just individualism through a market. It doesn't…

…the sense of, imagine a German in the late 20s in Germany. He fears financial exploitation, media, sex perversion, whatever. And what Hitler did is to tell him, behind all this is a Jew. All these inconsistent fears are... exchange for one big fear fear…

…truth of this is extremely limited, I think. Because what always fascinated me is how if you take even the greatest criminals, Hitler, Stalin, whatever, murderers, I'm quite sure that each of them will be able to tell you a very authentic inner story and…

…don't know, to gather once a year all Auschwitz inmates and make them sign a telegram wishing all the best to Hitler and so on. Another thing which accounts for this difference, precisely these so-called show trials, monstrous trials, you have something…

…say that nonetheless, fascism was a reaction to communism, that it took all bad features from communism, like already in Soviet Union before Hitler, they had concentration camps and so on and so on. Then you just have to go one step further and say those…

…find this. Okay, we can play the game if Georg Strasser or those early SA Nazis were this, but Afterwards, once Hitler established himself, sorry, I'm not aware of any tendency in Nazi Germany reproaching Hitler for betraying the true fascist legacy or…

…SA Nazis were this, but Afterwards, once Hitler established himself, sorry, I'm not aware of any tendency in Nazi Germany reproaching Hitler for betraying the true fascist legacy or whatever. And I think precisely this radical inner tension in Stalinism is a…

…Well, sorry, in this way you can justify anything you want. In this sense, I'm sorry to tell you it's even true. Hitler was an anti-imperialist kid. Nazi propaganda regularly used the term imperialism like Anglo-American imperialism and so on and so on. So…

…countries, even my book was censored, when I said, I know it was a heavy provocation, when I wrote that the problem with Hitler was that he wasn't violent enough, no? But then I added violent in the sense that Gandhi was more violent than Hitler.…

…Hitler was that he wasn't violent enough, no? But then I added violent in the sense that Gandhi was more violent than Hitler. Because, again, I think that Hitler's violence was purely reactive. He killed millions so that nothing will change. So that the…

…and said, I no longer can. What these volumes show is that after 1934, Heidegger effectively cultivated more and more doubts about Hitler and the Nazi regime. He was not laughing here. When he stepped down as the dean of Freiburg University, he was…

…the dean of Freiburg University, he was disappointed. But a more horrible thing is the precise shape the enemy. What Heidegger reproached Hitler with, reproached Hitler for, was not the Nazi stance as such, but the fact that the Nazis also succumbed to the…

…he was disappointed. But a more horrible thing is the precise shape the enemy. What Heidegger reproached Hitler with, reproached Hitler for, was not the Nazi stance as such, but the fact that the Nazis also succumbed to the technological nihilist,…

…its purest. Well, as I put it And because if you try to save Heidegger in this way, you can also save Hitler himself. Because as nice Marxist reading demonstrated, it's absolutely clear that when Hitler hates Jews, Jews embody class struggle. Jews are…

…in this way, you can also save Hitler himself. Because as nice Marxist reading demonstrated, it's absolutely clear that when Hitler hates Jews, Jews embody class struggle. Jews are simply those who are supposed to bring antagonism, class struggle into…

…Jews are simply those who are supposed to bring antagonism, class struggle into society. So you can then only say, oh, Hitler was right, we need organic order, he was just wrong too. the antagonistic element onto the Jews. Again, the truly horrible…

…Poland defeated the Red Army and remained an independent state, unfortunately, up to the Hitler-Stalin pact. August 1939, September 1939, Hitler invaded one side, Stalin the other. But until that point, Poland had won its independence. And Stalin was the…

…the horror of 1930s, it's still a political process. It's not simply then demonic personality entered and so on. Yeah, so Hitler doesn't murder his officer corps. When Hitler wants to remove the highest level officers in the Wehrmacht, he retires them. And…

…political process. It's not simply then demonic personality entered and so on. Yeah, so Hitler doesn't murder his officer corps. When Hitler wants to remove the highest level officers in the Wehrmacht, he retires them. And he retires them with honors. And…

…honors. And he does it in 1938, the year Stalin is cutting through like a scythe through his officer corps. And Hitler doesn't murder his diplomats. And he doesn't murder his foreign intelligence agents. And he doesn't murder the Gauleiter or the provincial…

…collectively a telegram Gulag prisoners to Stalin. You cannot imagine Nazis collecting all the Jews in Auschwitz to send a telegram to Hitler. You know what I think? I'll give you that. Now, my explanation is a very sad one. That's the perverted remainder…

…Nazism and Stalinism. You have many dissidents who claim Stalin betrayed communism. I don't think you have many Nazis who claimed Hitler betrayed authentic Nazism or whatever. It's a different logic. But to conclude before I hope we give word to them, I…

…conjuncture makes possible use of violence on a mass scale in everyday politics. and it produces Lenin, it produces Mussolini, it produces Hitler and it produces World War II. And so you got to talk about the origins of World War I and what World…

…appropriate for an event taking place within a German department that he, how was it, he started it or what, no? I'm sure if Hitler were to be arrested in 45 and accused of crimes, he would have said, no, you started it, you know what I mean? Another…

…know, and I'm ashamed to mention it because Piketty is not this, you know. Like some... Nazi sympathizer who said basically Hitler is right, organic community, blah, blah. Just why doesn't Hitler get rid of this disgusting anti-Semitism, you know? There was…

…not this, you know. Like some... Nazi sympathizer who said basically Hitler is right, organic community, blah, blah. Just why doesn't Hitler get rid of this disgusting anti-Semitism, you know? There was a strong trend even among Jews. There was a minority…

…anti-Semitism, you know? There was a strong trend even among Jews. There was a minority of conservative Jews who basically addressed Hitler in this way. It's a very interesting story. Like, we agree with you, national unity, blah, blah. But why do you…

…No? Then, okay, my answer to him was, well, fuck you, then let's go to the end and say it was much better for Hitler to win than, you know, it was certainly, like, imagine European history if for some reason in the early 30s, I don't know, the…

…Crick made, I think it's him, the famous statement that on, my God, I don't know, was it March, April? Okay, the day when Hitler took power, that this is the day that Hegel finally died, and so on. No, it's a famous statement. Okay. Although things are…

…Autorität und Familie, Authority and Family, Adorno in his analysis of structure of fascist propaganda, emphasized that the totalitarian leader, Hitler, Stalin, these are not master figures. But nonetheless, my problem is that, I hope we agree here, that of…

…was really impotent. He lacked proper authority. And it's the same socially. If you look at all the big explosions of violence, Hitler, Stalin, and so on. For example, what is arguably the greatest violence in Soviet Union? The late 20s, early 30s, the…

…an extremely common sense obvious point, which is totally acceptable, but just not interesting. For example, when I say, The problem with Hitler was that he wasn't violent enough. Okay, at this point you get the heart attack of liberals. Ah, do you think…

…you should have killed us all, Jews or what? But then when I add, in the sense in which Gandhi was more violent than Hitler, Then they say, oh, it's just that he's making a totally common sense point, that one thing is violence in the normal sense of…

…a way that is designed to be provocative and to confuse people. He doesn't actually mean that Gandhi was more violent than Hitler. What he means to do instead is to alter the typical understanding of the word violence. so that Gandhi's non-violent means…

…particular instance actually means that which causes massive social upheaval. In that way, he considers Gandhi to be more violent than Hitler. But this, like so much of what Žižek writes, is actually nothing new or interesting or surprising. And that's why…

…a straightforward manner. If he would have written that Gandhi accomplished more through non-violence, that aimed at systemic change than Hitler accomplished through violent means, we would all agree. But we would also know that there is nothing profound in…

…statement. Instead, Žižek attempts to shock us, and in doing so, he covers up the completely humdrum conclusion about Gandhi and Hitler that everyone already believed to be true before they read Žižek. The same is true of Zizek's controversial point about…

…Jew for that Nazi to hate. And thus any attempt to rid Nazis of the Jews within themselves, as Žižek tells us Hitler once said, would result in the destruction of the Nazis themselves, since the anti-Semites in themselves require the continued existence of…

…reactive in Nietzsche's sense, protective. So far from eccentricity, the extension of the notion of violence, so that for me, nonetheless, Hitler was violent, but Gandhi also, is based on a key theoretical insight. And it is the limitation of violence to…

…relies on ideological distortion. This is also why the reproach that I'm fascinated by some ultra-radical violence with comparison to which Hitler and Khmer Rouge didn't go far enough misses the point, which is not to go further in this type of violence.…

…destruction when you can't do the, let's call it naively, real social change. Or, as it's a commonplace of leftist critique of Hitler... He had to kill millions, not to change things, but precisely to prevent. the real change to occur. In this sense,…

…use the term violence We lose this point, which is for me absolutely crucial, of seeing how all those big violent agents, Hitler, even Stalin and so on, are really modest reactive guys. Reactive in the sense that their violence was an admission of…

…sense of, you know, this Venom story, Israel. Well, fuck it, why don't they say it? Because in this way you can justify even Hitler. I mean, the elementary Marxist analysis shows you that when Hitler said Jew is our enemy, he really meant a kind of a,…

…don't they say it? Because in this way you can justify even Hitler. I mean, the elementary Marxist analysis shows you that when Hitler said Jew is our enemy, he really meant a kind of a, okay, to use the metonymic displacement, of capital. Okay, but you…

…support so-called fundamentalists, they are anti-imperialists, is the same illusion as if in the early 30s we were to think let's support Hitler because sooner or later he will see that he doesn't really mean Jews but capital. Well, you will wait long for…

…was openly anti-Semitic. For example, he says, Western Europe is okay because we know in what circumstances 50 years more ago, like Hitler took care of it, there are not too many Jews, but he says the United States... Six million Jews, that's a problem,…

…already in late 30s, he wrote a wonderful short text on the psychological structure of fascist propaganda, where he emphasizes how Hitler was not a figure of paternal authority. Wilhelm Reich was totally wrong here. The message of Hitler was not I'm now…

…where he emphasizes how Hitler was not a figure of paternal authority. Wilhelm Reich was totally wrong here. The message of Hitler was not I'm now a good father. You were too wild, my children, in Weimar Germany with moral decadence, social chaos.…

…comes too close to somehow endorsing critically of course you know when Eichmann said oh I was a Kantian for me the voice of Hitler was the voice of ethical duty I just followed my duty no you cannot say this you cannot blame the big other you are…

…cannot get the message through. Now, and I simply decided to ignore it totally. Not to mention, for example, that problem with Hitler. When I wrote the problem with Hitler is that he wasn't violent enough. Enough. Of course, this was a provocation. But,…

…and I simply decided to ignore it totally. Not to mention, for example, that problem with Hitler. When I wrote the problem with Hitler is that he wasn't violent enough. Enough. Of course, this was a provocation. But, my God, if you read not all the…

…all the book, just that page, it's clear when you mentioned Hannah Arendt in what sense I meant that as a further criticism of Hitler. Maybe you know the story. I'm sorry if you do. I will briefly repeat it. What bothered me is the horror of now. The…

…now. The recent trend in some post-communist East European countries where you have this vague, not so much rehabilitation as fascination by Hitler. Maybe you know the story, I'm sorry if I repeat myself. I remember some four or five years ago a Slovene…

…the German army on the 22nd, June 41 in the morning. Then, of course, there was an outcry. Then he said, no, no, no, I know Hitler did crimes. I only wanted to say, in spite of the crimes he did, he had balls, courage, and so on. And my idea was,…

…courage, and so on. And my idea was, following Hannah Arendt, that this is already too much to give to the Nazis. No, Hitler was not this kind of a Byron-esque, heroic figure of evil, who is evil, but you know, he's very evil, heroic, fascinating.…

…of the Nazi dismissal of, you know, Nazi heroism against this small, petty, bourgeoisie daily life and so on, he said, no, Hitler was really serving this very cheap commercial interest that he was making fun of and pretending to despise all the time. That…

…commercial interest that he was making fun of and pretending to despise all the time. That was my help, that you give too much to Hitler to treat him as this kind of a hero. No, Hitler was not even in this evil sense a hero. Hitler did all the…

…despise all the time. That was my help, that you give too much to Hitler to treat him as this kind of a hero. No, Hitler was not even in this evil sense a hero. Hitler did all the killings because he was afraid to... do a little bit modest change…

…give too much to Hitler to treat him as this kind of a hero. No, Hitler was not even in this evil sense a hero. Hitler did all the killings because he was afraid to... do a little bit modest change where it would really have mattered. I'm here an…

…he was afraid to... do a little bit modest change where it would really have mattered. I'm here an old-fashioned Marxist. The problem for Hitler was how to save the capitalist system and so on and so on. And in this sense then I add that I am for…

…And in this sense then I add that I am for violence, but in the sense in which Gandhi is more violent than Hitler. Because, again, Hitler had to kill millions because he was afraid to do a real change in the relations of production, state machinery,…

…sense then I add that I am for violence, but in the sense in which Gandhi is more violent than Hitler. Because, again, Hitler had to kill millions because he was afraid to do a real change in the relations of production, state machinery, while Gandhi at…

…again. Friends are all the time, my German friends, telling me clips from the news, ah, I'm the guy who secretly tried to rehabilitate Hitler. And I know it's lost, the game is lost. But you know what? I think there are enough kind people like, I hope,…

…to speak properly. Okay, there is an interesting here political background also, because obviously the true who knows how to speak is Hitler, of course. But this is not central. I want to propose a simple, naive, but I think correct reading of the film.…

…that he is naturally a master and Our lives will be better. Well, I hope this is not the only way to resist Hitler, to become stupid. Now, just briefly, let's go to the other side. The film The Black Swan, the feminine counterpart. You remember the…

…historicists. I mean, my God, Stalin's basic motto was, everything depends on circumstances, everything is contingent, and so on. Read Hitler. Well, it's not amusing reading, it's boring, but you can learn something. Hitler also, it's clear that his vision is…

…circumstances, everything is contingent, and so on. Read Hitler. Well, it's not amusing reading, it's boring, but you can learn something. Hitler also, it's clear that his vision is some kind of a tragic historicist contingency. Heroes emerge, but at the end…

…German politician, who I was told by Karl Heinz, the myth is that he stayed in the same hotel that I stay here, Reichshof, Hitler. Are you ready to say Hitler was our enemy? Because we were not ready to listen to his story. No, sorry, there are…

…by Karl Heinz, the myth is that he stayed in the same hotel that I stay here, Reichshof, Hitler. Are you ready to say Hitler was our enemy? Because we were not ready to listen to his story. No, sorry, there are enemies. Real enemies. What does this…

…Ninochka with Greta Garbo, one of the last of her films. No, his true masterpieces are To Be or Not to Be, a satire on Hitler, and the early one, Travel in Paradise. Go home, do it. You can download them for free. But in Ninochka, you have one of…

…in like a major, one big cover, one big like a place in the world. But are all the same? Because everyone, even Hitler, would have agreed with that. Right, integration. You said, for example, we should keep distance and we should remain like a stationary…

…limit. The limit is, let's just do something. Let's replace this generality with a concrete name. Would you also say, oh my God, Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to hear his side of the story or whatever? No, Hitler really, and others,…

…you also say, oh my God, Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to hear his side of the story or whatever? No, Hitler really, and others, really was an enemy. And he was telling him a story about himself. And that story was a lie. And that's…

…poisoning, whatever you want. And so even if we play this stupid game of who was ultimately responsible for the rise of Hitler, this guy is maybe the best candidate. Because we all know that what laid the foundation for Nazism, the ultimate cause was…

…detail. Did you notice, for example, if you know a little bit about history of totalitarianism, how... If you look at Hitler when he speaks, or a fascist leader, people applaud, Hitler accepts the applause. Look at the communist leaders speaking, people…

…bit about history of totalitarianism, how... If you look at Hitler when he speaks, or a fascist leader, people applaud, Hitler accepts the applause. Look at the communist leaders speaking, people applaud. What does the communist do? Stands up and joins…

…the same thing in fascism. What? To gather all the Jews in Auschwitz and make them all the best wishes, telegram to Hitler and so on. You see, I love these details like your electronic toilet or whatever, which, you know, a small meaningless feature,…

…a radical means that can have very destructive consequences. But there are moments when you have to be... Look, when you have Hitler and Holocaust... But when you have, for example, Hitler and Holocaust, you don't say, oh, let's try to be friendly with…

…But there are moments when you have to be... Look, when you have Hitler and Holocaust... But when you have, for example, Hitler and Holocaust, you don't say, oh, let's try to be friendly with that Nazi guy there, do it modestly. You have to.…

…it. You helped them. You were involved in their activities, and you supported them. Yes. You were like those bankers who helped Hitler, if I may use a metaphor. And you brought in a bookkeeper from the then Ramparts magazine, which you were editing, Betty…

…a radical means that can have very destructive consequences. But there are moments when you have to be... Look, when you have Hitler and Holocaust... But when you have, for example, Hitler and Holocaust, you don't say, oh, let's try to be friendly with…

…But there are moments when you have to be... Look, when you have Hitler and Holocaust... But when you have, for example, Hitler and Holocaust, you don't say, oh, let's try to be friendly with that Nazi guy there, do it modestly. There are moments…

…it. You helped them. You were involved in their activities, and you supported them. Yes. You were like those bankers who helped Hitler, if I may use a metaphor. And you brought in a bookkeeper from the then Ramparts magazine, which you were editing, Betty…

…a radical means that can have very destructive consequences. But there are moments when you have to be... Look, when you have Hitler and Holocaust... But when you have, for example, Hitler and Holocaust, you don't say, oh, let's try to be friendly with…

…But there are moments when you have to be... Look, when you have Hitler and Holocaust... But when you have, for example, Hitler and Holocaust, you don't say, oh, let's try to be friendly with that Nazi guy there, do it modestly. There are moments…

…something very vulgar in the sense of British empiricism. Let's just replace the general name with a concrete example. Would you also say Hitler? Was our enemy because we did not really try to hear his story? And the problem is deeper here than it may…

…if there is a lesson of psychoanalysis, is that this precisely is what we should radically abandon. If, from what we know about Hitler, if we take, again, the worst example, one of the worst, Hitler, I think that even for him, probably, the same as…

…we should radically abandon. If, from what we know about Hitler, if we take, again, the worst example, one of the worst, Hitler, I think that even for him, probably, the same as Hannah Arendt claimed for Eichmann would have hold, probably he was... As…

…that you can imagine, organizing kidnappings, torture, dark plotting. He's basically the guy, if we simplify history, who is responsible for Hitler. You know, in one sense, in the Thirty Years' War, 1918, 1948, in Europe, He was the one who made a…

…reunification of Germany. He succeeded. The result was the German delay, deferral of reunification, which was the structural condition for Hitler. Okay, the worst guy you can imagine. But there is something quite fascinating. After he did this dirty work…

…to it. It's a fake. First, again, it has limits. It works only at a certain level. Would you be ready to say this for Hitler or Stalin? We forgive you, dear Hitler, tell us the story of Holocaust. We will not forget it, but we forget. No, I think…

…it has limits. It works only at a certain level. Would you be ready to say this for Hitler or Stalin? We forgive you, dear Hitler, tell us the story of Holocaust. We will not forget it, but we forget. No, I think that when we are dealing with really…

…your desires. Okay, okay, sounds nice. Up to a certain level, it works. But But, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, just replace it with Hitler, no? And it's totally, so, but I go here further now. It's not only that your inside stories you are telling about…

…of totalitarianism is always historicist relativism. For example, if there was someone who was not philosophically totalitarian, it's Adolf Hitler. read Mein Kampf it's a horrible book pretty boring but it's worth reading because you see that his attitude…

…poetry enters? Ideological poetry, of course. The most terrifying trick of this poetic justification of violence is a very specific one. Hitler, sorry, Himmler also knew it. It's they admit violence. For example, let's go back to that situation that I evoked…

…Joseph. To cut a long story short, if we engage in some mythical genealogy and try to guess What's the origin of Hitler of World War II? It's Father Joseph. You know why? This was the battle between Catholics, Protestants for Europe. But Cardinal…

…are incompatible, killing and war are necessary. You know, the usual trick, you know, like, my god, I'm sorry to tell you, Hitler could have argued like this, he could have said I'm totally against suffering, I want peace, but fuck it, there will be…

…hope you didn't, it's boring, but I had a Norwegian friend who did read his stupid manifesto. It's worse than Stalin or Hitler, it's like 500 pages. But it's interesting what you learn there. Breivik was at the same time pro-Zionist, absolute. against the…

…psychological realism. What do I mean by this? Did you notice how in order, how all psychological realist movies or whatever on Hitler somehow fail? Like, it's always then, you know, this was all the trouble of Lars von Trier, you know, when he made…

…trouble of Lars von Trier, you know, when he made that remark at Cannes Festival press conference, but I can sympathize with Hitler there. You know what's the ultimate irony? That he was there quoting Wittgenstein. I have a book of memoirs on Wittgenstein,…

…one of his pupils reports that Wittgenstein put a note in his diary in the spring of April, March of 45, saying, okay, Hitler is horrible, but I think I understand him now. How horrible he must feel now, alone in the bunker there, everything. So there…

…you are lost you are lost you precisely humanize the crime too much which is why I think that those who try to represent Hitler or Nazism or other horrors as a staff of comedy, you know, like Brecht in his Arturo Uy or Chaplin in The Great Dictator,…

…from either abstract moralism, we want a just society where money serves people, not people serve money. Well, my God, my answer was Hitler would have fully agreed with it and so on, no? Or whatever. I mean, you don't get... even correct me if I am…

…say to the people, okay, I mean a very primitive point, okay, would you say this in Europe in 1941? No. Let's not resist Hitler because we will become the same as him and so on. So, first feeling. Sorry. This line of argumentation, I want to present…

…it really stands for all that inconsistent mess. And I claim, that's my point of course, it's exactly the same for antisemitism. Then Hitler comes, okay, not only Hitler, it was the tradition, and tells you the Jew. And the Jew stands for all of them. A…

…that inconsistent mess. And I claim, that's my point of course, it's exactly the same for antisemitism. Then Hitler comes, okay, not only Hitler, it was the tradition, and tells you the Jew. And the Jew stands for all of them. A proof, analyze a little…

…Foreign Ministry to Slovene Foreign Ministry saying that your citizen Slavoj Žižek said in India publicly that no better, even worse than Hitler, which I, of course, didn't say. And they said that we want to know, is this his personal opinion or is it…

…know, so I can repeat myself. Read Aldous Huxley, whom I otherwise don't like too much, Grey be stupid the cause of Hitler. In what sense? He was the assistant of Cardinal Richelieu, the big manipulator of France during that, you remember, 30 years war…

…are proposing. I'm not against light culture as such. Light culture can be a very progressive one. This is the tragedy of Hitler, the tragedy for, not for Hitler, namely, look at Weimar Germany. We say about it critically, it obviously had a different…

…culture as such. Light culture can be a very progressive one. This is the tragedy of Hitler, the tragedy for, not for Hitler, namely, look at Weimar Germany. We say about it critically, it obviously had a different light culture. Basically, it was secular…

…it critically, it obviously had a different light culture. Basically, it was secular Jewish light culture, with tolerance, acceptance, and Hitler radically changed the German light culture. What do I mean by this? Ah, let me even add another provocation here.…

…like this you should say, you know, to all those defenders of Judeo-Christian Europe, no? You are doing to Judeo-Christian legacy what Hitler was doing to the Jews or something like that, no? So, again, you see my point here. Do not concede to the…

…I got engaged in these debates and somebody tells me the number is lower, no, I tell them, you know, it's like saying, no, Hitler wasn't a bad guy because he didn't kill five million Jews. It was only four and a half, no, so this changes everything.…

…read the New Testament is to take Christ as a jokester. I mean, people often accuse me of, you never know when I say Hitler was not violent enough, am I joking or not, or whatever. Well, if you think I'm problematic, read Jesus Christ now and you will…

…thesis is that European Union is, he directly claims this, I'm not like extrapolating it, that European Union is a continuation of Hitler with other means. And this is why the only solution for Europe is to eliminate the Jews. That it's still... I mean,…

…give it. I'm sorry if I was too long and thanks very much. Did you see Charlie Chaplin's Great Dictator, where they applaud to Hitler, and he said, up, and they stop. You know, he gives the sign. I should have done something like, sorry. All right. You…

…future book, how? Yes, violence, but violence in the sense in which, as I wrote to provoke my enemies, in which the problem with Hitler was that he was not violent enough. In what sense? Then I go on. In the sense in which Gandhi was more violent than…

…he was not violent enough. In what sense? Then I go on. In the sense in which Gandhi was more violent than Hitler. In what sense? Hitler's violence was pure violence of impotence. to change a little bit capitalist relations or whatever. It was clearly…

…power which is already in fact. This may sound strange to you, but if you read memoirs or how they perceived its rule, Hitler, Stalin, and so on, they were all the time in total panic. even at the level of personal authority. Let's take the traditional…

…beings with all their fears and so on. You know, everybody, as we put it, has a human side. Stalin loved her daughter. Hitler liked to talk with children, giving them chocolate, whatever, and so on and so on. We are all humans. And here comes my…

…emphasizes that the so-called totalitarian personality is absolutely not a personality subordinated to patriarchal authority. With so-called totalitarian leader, Hitler, for example, we get a leader who is not a father figure. It's a leader, Adorno already got…

…you to do your duty, to do subverts the explicit message. The explicit message is what? Something like for example of Hitler in the early 30s, enough of Weimar corruption, decadence, time to sacrifice, to think about your country, sacrifice, work, and so…

…we can play this nice, although, of course, imaginary game trying to locate the moment when things went wrong in Europe so that Hitler was possible. This guy is the ultimate reason if you play this game. Why? When there was the Thirty Years' War, you…

…little bit, one can say Père Joseph is at the origin of this mistake of European history, German Verspätung, which rendered Hitler possible. And he was. He ordered torturing. He personally tortured, poisoned. He was a true ugly politician. But what is the…

…to show you how false it is, do something very simple. Replace the general forum with a concrete one. Would you also say Adolf Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to hear his side of the story, and you should. This is why, in spite of…

…of capital. end of quote. Why? Chakrabarti introduces here the distinction between what he calls H1, H as a letter, like Hitler, history, history one, the, just neutral examples, the names, you can understand it, the immanent history of the capital which…

…made this experiment in April 1967. He wanted to explain to his students how could it have happened that Germans obeyed Hitler and ignored the Holocaust. He convinced his students that the movement should have as a goal to eliminate democracy. He emphasized…

…half-Jew, at the movies. To admire Proust, a half-Jew. To applaud Yehudi Menuhin, a Jew. And even, I like this, the voice of Hitler... is carried over radio waves named after the Jew Hertz. We don't want to kill anyone. We don't want to organize any…

…excused by saying, oh, but you see, I'm a human being, and so on and so on. My God, everybody is a human being. Hitler was absolutely a human being. Listen to that documentary that they did a couple of years ago with the... secretary of Hitler who…

…Hitler was absolutely a human being. Listen to that documentary that they did a couple of years ago with the... secretary of Hitler who died a couple of years ago. Just before that, she finished a documentary where you definitely see Hitler. He was very…

…with the... secretary of Hitler who died a couple of years ago. Just before that, she finished a documentary where you definitely see Hitler. He was very nice to his dog. He liked to embrace small children, giving them cakes with cream and so on and so…

…ordinary beings with all their fears and so on. You know, everybody, as we put it, has a human side. Stalin loved her daughter. Hitler liked to talk to children, giving them chocolate, whatever, and so on and so on. We are all humans. And here comes my…

…very nice. It has a limit. The limit is what? Well, replace the general term enemy with a concrete name? Would you also say Adolf Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to hear his story? No, the answer is his story was just a lie which he…

…you notice this difference? How all of a sudden, after the French Revolution, it's no longer the question of converting the Jews. Hitler never was thinking in these terms, let's convert them. Why? For the Nazis, the guilt of the Jews is directly rooted in…

…we accept it, We make the first step on the path at the end of which is the quite logical conclusion that since Hitler also really meant capitalists when he spoke of Jews, he should be ultimately our ally in the global anti-imperialist struggle with the…

…is that, did you notice that the same music is used at two opposite occasions? First, in the famous scene, Hinckley, Hitler, playing with the balloon, and at the end, when? Barbara taking over the place of Hinkle gives that shitty sentimental speech.…

…at it, and I checked it out, I think that with the exception of maybe Julius Stryker, there is no military propaganda, Hitler appears there only, I will bring work, blah, blah, blah, and no war, anti-Semitism, and so on, because that's her defense, that…

…Jeyer, Mussolini. And then, you know, this is what Freudians don't like to emphasize. Mussolini wrote a letter directly, not to Hitler, to that Seyss-Inquart. I don't know who was the Gauleiter of Austria. And then, as a sign of gratitude, Freud sent…

…he usually killed most of the leadership. But with regard, I don't know, was he already planning the division of Poland with Hitler or what, but his plan was a little bit more specific with the Polish communists. He simply wanted to kill them all.…

…of fears. They were afraid of being exploited, ruined by them. They were afraid of social promiscuity, blah, blah, whatever you want. What Hitler did was to offer them one, the name. by saying behind all this there is a Jewish plot. It means all these…

…Godard, on a stroll in the ghetto, and all of a sudden, from loudspeakers, you hear this terrible, obscene voice of Hinkel, Hitler, of the dictator, shouting. And it's clear that the sound is... And then you see Hitler's, Hinkel's face, but a kind of…

…simple film as it is sometimes dismissed, you encounter an incredible amount of wonderful ambiguities. For example, how perversely Hitler figure relates to speech. Remember, there are some wonderful scenes. One is where Hinkel dictates his secretary. And Kaplan…

…guy starts to chase them. And then how the whole scene is a kind of ballet dominated by Hitler's voice. You know, when Hitler goes slowly, the voice, they go slow. And it's interesting how other intelligent directors also saw, like one of the great early…

…limit. The limit is, let's just do something. Let's replace this generality with a concrete name. Would you also say, oh my God, Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to hear his side of the story or whatever? No, Hitler really, and others,…

…you also say, oh my God, Hitler was our enemy because we were not ready to hear his side of the story or whatever? No, Hitler really, and others, really was an enemy. And he was telling him a story about himself. And that story was a lie. And that's…