…was a universe of interconnected minds all reflecting the universe from their own unique point of view. It's a fascinating theory. Spinoza, the Jewish philosopher in Amsterdam, in Holland, said that the whole of nature is like the body of God and there's…

…can't all be in the same place at the same time because bodies are impenetrable. And so that was one panpsychist view. Another was Spinoza who said that the whole of nature is the body of God and it has a consciousness or mind, the whole of nature.…

…can't all be in the same place at the same time because bodies are impenetrable. And so that was one panpsychist view. Another was Spinoza who said that the whole of nature is the body of God and it has a consciousness or mind, the whole of nature.…

…happen in the first place. So I'm going to promote the view that nature is God. In other words, the view of Spinoza, the philosopher Barak or Benedict de Spinoza. Spinoza's philosophy, I think today we live in a post-Cartesian, post-Christian world. And I…

…to promote the view that nature is God. In other words, the view of Spinoza, the philosopher Barak or Benedict de Spinoza. Spinoza's philosophy, I think today we live in a post-Cartesian, post-Christian world. And I take that partly from Nietzsche. I…

…intrinsic worth at all. It only has instrumental value for us humans, or at least those beings with some kind of sentience. Now, Spinoza, he had, as it were, an antidote to Cartesianism, namely a monism, that mind and matter are one. Not only mind and…

…Not only mind and matter are one, but that the universe as a whole is one with all its attributes. And he calls, Spinoza called that substance, that one substance, as opposed to Descartes' two substances, called it God. I suppose we are special in the…

…or hell in my case, perhaps, or wherever. And Spinoza's, the reason Einstein said he was a Spinozist, the reason Einstein said Spinoza was the greatest philosopher of modern times is because he was the first to bring mind and matter together. In other…

…flower, the cicada brooding cycles, which have been traced for at least a couple hundred years, are precise. How can you sign Spinoza? Oh, you can indeed. One of the things which fascinated me when I went to Gallaudet, this great university of the deaf,…

…is full of centers of awareness or consciousness which are all reflecting each other. An interesting philosophy. The other one was Spinoza, the Dutch-Jewish philosopher, who argued that nature and God were the same. He was a pantheist, that God is nature,…

…units have bodies and minds that each reflects the universe from its own point of view. He called them monads. The other was Spinoza who thought that the whole of nature was essentially the body of God and God was the mind of nature. It was a…

…of pantheism. Pantheism is the doctrine that the whole of nature is conscious, has a mind and a body. And the famous philosopher Spinoza in the 17th century was the prototypic pantheist. He said he talked of God or nature. God is the mind of nature.…

…the divine consciousness. But if it stops at the world soul, then it would be pantheism. It would be a bit more like Spinoza. It would be like the whole of nature has a kind of mind or consciousness, but there's nothing beyond it or transcending it.…

…in response to Descartes, there was already a kind of panpsychist reaction. Two leading philosophers then were panpsychists. One was Spinoza, the Jewish-Dutch philosopher. who argued that God and nature are the same, that nature is like the body of God,…

…is conscious, then are we saying that's the ultimate limit of consciousness? If we are, it's a form of pantheism, like Spinoza. But all traditional religions have said that the universe is alive and conscious in some way, but there's a consciousness that…