…of this challenge go back as far as you like into history, but a useful modern landmark is with the philosopher David Chalmers and his hard problem of consciousness. He puts it like this. It is widely agreed that consciousness arises from a physical…

…other things. Theories can help us move from correlations to explanations, and by doing so, we can begin to chip away at David Chalmers' hard problem about how and why consciousness happens. And there are plenty of theories, which is one reason why now is…

…is in my perception of how others perceive me, and so depends, although indirectly, on things outside my own brain. David Chalmers himself, who coined the hard problem term, together with the philosopher Andy Clarke, have written convincingly in my mind…