…have really been propagandized to believe this. It's a deeply embedded idea. And this sustains a society where, essentially, I always think of Keynes back in the 30s saying we should be working a 15-hour week by around now. If you look at the jobs that…

…own devices. And I think there is that. I think you can document fairly clearly that there is a fear of technological unemployment. Keynes coined that term in the 30s. And to some degree, it's like in our system, if people aren't working, then they will…

…makes a social issue and does something about it. I think we have two ways here. You know, back in the 30s when Keynes was saying, oh, technological unemployment is a crisis, and someone documented how every five or ten years somebody says, oh, my God,…

…forth and so on. But actually, you could make the argument that technological unemployment did occur. Actually, from the perspective of Keynes, all these guys are unemployed. They just shove them in these jobs where they pretend to work because we just have…

…own devices. And I think there is that. I think you can document fairly clearly that there is a fear of technological unemployment. Keynes coined that term in the 30s. And to some degree, it's like in our system, if people aren't working, then they will…

…makes a social issue and does something about it. I think we have two ways here. You know, back in the 30s when Keynes was saying, oh, technological unemployment is a crisis, and someone documented how every five or ten years somebody says, oh, my God,…

…and so on. But actually, you could make the argument that technological unemployment did occur, that actually, from the perspective of Keynes, all these guys are unemployed. They just shove them in these jobs where they pretend to work because we just have…

…own devices. And I think there is that. I think you can document fairly clearly that there is a fear of technological unemployment. Keynes coined that term in the 30s. And to some degree, it's like in our system, if people aren't working, then they will…

…makes a social issue and does something about it. I think we have two ways here. You know, back in the 30s when Keynes was saying, oh, technological unemployment is a crisis, and someone documented how every five or ten years somebody says, oh, my God,…

…forth and so on. But actually, you could make the argument that technological unemployment did occur. Actually, from the perspective of Keynes, all these guys are unemployed. They just shove them in these jobs where they pretend to work because we just have…

…5th November was the day of anti-casualization, according to UCU, and we held a meeting with 14 universities across UCL, Goldsmith, Keynes, I think Birkbeck, and a few others, where we realize that all of these conditions that we face are not just…

…it is back in the 30s, during the Depression, they first coined the phrase technological unemployment. I think it was Keynes, actually. Yeah. They said, well, maybe technological advance is actually driving unemployment, and this is the real reason for our…

…that actually look like, this idea of kind of technology making us work more rather than less? I mean, we want the 15-hour Keynes Week, don't we? Yeah, well, I mean, I think some people don't because they're afraid to go home because they hate their…

…death of employment have proved premature for quite a long time, whether they were kind of the more optimistic prediction that Keynes made or the kind of more pessimistic, worried predictions that came around the 19th century, around the time of the…

…labor if you personally believe your job shouldn't really exist? So I wrote this essay about this. And I was saying how, you know, in Keynes in 1930 argued that, you know, we should have by around now we should be up to a 15 hour week and a lot of…

…of said, well, you know, they used to predict we would only have a 15-hour week by now. Back in the 30s, Keynes said, you know, automation would largely replace most jobs. And maybe it actually did happen. You know, maybe technological unemployment, as…

…you talk a lot about volume two, people look at you and say, oh, you're a Keynesian. You kind of go, no, actually, Keynes came after Marx. And I think took quite a lot from this, particularly the reproduction schemas. But the third volume, The driving…

…on the numbers of people working in them. Graeber's conclusion is that, aside from UBI, his claims about BS jobs mean Keynes was right-we could all be working fifteen-hour weeks. Were that to happen, Graeber, like Marx and early Communists, imagines that…

…they're there to protect creditors and to make sure that nobody ever defaults, which economically is insane. Which is funny, but Keynes conceived of the IMF, his idea that the burden of adjustment should be forced on the surplus creditors, not the debtors.…

…not the debtors. And they quickly got all turned around. Exactly. They just turned it exactly around. And of course, Keynes had it right. He was following, Keynes actually studied Mesopotamian economics. He also declared himself a demoralist, too. Yeah.…

…turned around. Exactly. They just turned it exactly around. And of course, Keynes had it right. He was following, Keynes actually studied Mesopotamian economics. He also declared himself a demoralist, too. Yeah. There's morality and there's morality. Yes, so…

…employers and employees have common interests with each other against finance. Essentially, this is the soul of most social democracy. Keynes talked about the euthanasia of the rentier class as this kind of feudal leftover. Galbraith talked about the techno…

…of water. Do you want some? Oh, yeah. Thank you. So, if we're thinking about bullshit jobs, you know, in 1933, I think, Keynes said that he expected that we would soon all be working 15-hour weeks. Well, we're clearly not. And yet we're about 100 times…

…consultants disappeared, no one would notice, or the world might get better in certain ways. There was a point you were asking about Keynes. I think that we have this idea it's consumerism. We just want more and more stuff. But if you really look at the…

…I wasn't entirely even sure whether the premise that I was setting out was true. What I suggested was that the reason why Keynes' famous prediction that by around this time we would all be working 15-hour weeks never ended up coming about was not because…

…is cheap and stupid. And everybody's thinking that of each other. And, you know, I call it the financialization of politics because Keynes wrote this famous essay in the 30s about the beauty contest. He said, you know, financial markets are a little bit…

…On the Phenomena of Bullshit Jobs. And I suggested that this is the reason why we don't have a 15-hour work week. And Keynes famously predicted in the 30s that we were almost up on the time that we should be working, certainly half what we're doing…

…working, certainly half what we're doing now, probably considerably less. And if you look at the kind of jobs that existed in Keynes' time, well, we have eliminated a lot of them. He talked about technological unemployment in the 1930s. And a lot of…

…elsewhere? So I wrote a little piece called On the Phenomenal of Bullshit Jobs, where I suggested that Back in the 30s, Keynes wrote this famous essay predicting that by around now, we would all be working 15-hour weeks because automation would get rid of…