…what's going to happen when robots replace workers? It was a reaction to the unrest of the 60s. A lot of people, Alvin Toffler really embodied this in a lot of his publications, Future Shock. But it was brewing for some time before. People saying, you…

…around that period about whether technological change was a good thing or not. And the obvious person to name here is Alvin Toffler, history of whom is quite fascinating. One of the fascinating things to me about Alvin Toffler is that he's always, he's…

…person to name here is Alvin Toffler, history of whom is quite fascinating. One of the fascinating things to me about Alvin Toffler is that he's always, he's a famous futurologist. He made up the phrase futurology. Before that, he was most famous for…

…And he's somehow remembered as such. If you look at people's book collections, the same sort of people who have Timothy Leary and Alvin Toffler next to each other, as if they're kind of the same thing. But in fact, in a way, they're opposites. He's a…

…time, it was roughly 25,000 miles per hour, which was reached by the crew of Apollo 10 in 1969, just one year before Toffler wrote the book in 1970. So it seemed... At that rate, it was completely reasonable to assume that we'd be in other galaxies…

…the Concorde. And that one's gone backwards, of course, because we don't have the Concorde anymore. So right around the time of Toffler, the phenomena that he describes in a lot of dimensions just stops. This exponential increase comes to an end. And at…

…exponential increase comes to an end. And at exactly the moment where people like him, and of course, as we all know, Toffler ends up First, he adopts the Ernst Mandel, does a capitalist version of Ernst Mandel's third wave argument. And then he becomes…

…Ernst Mandel's third wave argument. And then he becomes the guru to Newt Gingrich, letting go his real political stripes. But Toffler was really saying, well, This stuff is scary because it has unpredictable social effects. And what's really going on in the…

…A lot of these right-wing thinkers are more interesting than we know. But anyway, he was also a futurologist. But he and Toffler were sort of, that was also Newt Gingrich's other guru during the 90s. they both had this idea that technology needs to…

…you can demonstrate exactly the point at which people started freaking out at the possibility. This is why I talked about Alvin Toffler. Actually, I can't repeat the whole Rather than what had happened or what could have happened, can we talk possibly…

…again, that spatial organizational... thing was exactly what they're talking about. If you look at, you know, what people like Toffler and Gilder are worrying about, when they're talking about, you know, when they're trying to make up futurology and saying…

…effects that people think. That's why I brought the examples of these concrete people that were actually making arguments. Like Alvin Toffler, who wrote some bestsellers, and he spent the rest of his life doing consulting and doing special seminars for CEOs…