c/buckminster-fuller
Richard Buckminster Fuller was an American architect, systems theorist, writer, designer, inventor, philosopher, and futurist.
…does so little. Bernofsky was saying once, Bernofsky was saying that we know more than, we have more facts at our disposal than Einstein did. What I want to establish in your thoughts first before we go to that is the concept then of the hundred million…
…an entirely new way of looking at that things. If I may play Cassandra for the moment now. Last time you spoke of Einstein and your particular understanding of Einstein at the time and how he knew that fission is possible, and yet what he thought of…
…at that things. If I may play Cassandra for the moment now. Last time you spoke of Einstein and your particular understanding of Einstein at the time and how he knew that fission is possible, and yet what he thought of eventually destroyed a man, you…
…Geodesics is a word that was first used by Hertz, the man who developed electromagnetic waves a long time ago. And then Einstein and Hindu mathematician Riemann exhumed the word again and began to use it mathematically. And by geodesics we mean the most…
…be neither created nor lost. Therefore, there is a sum total of energy which is the physical universe. That was the physics of Einstein. And then they said, we'll take this total amount of energy, and every time we make an experiment, if we don't get…
…and so forth, the little rascal worth 1.7% and so forth. But, Mr. Fuller, there's something you've said. Now, since you mentioned Einstein, in the book about you by Robert Marx, there's a reference to an earlier book you wrote, The Nine Chains to the…
…you wrote, The Nine Chains to the Moon, in which you inferred that Einstein's theory, Einstein's work could be applied practically. Now, Einstein denied this at the time, but it turned out you were right. He didn't deny it. He told me he was surprised.…
…rest. All of our charts, all our economic charts, the norm is no action. All the curves of actions are abnormal. Action is abnormal. Einstein turned it the other way, and 186,000 miles a second is normal, and then you can wind it up into a little, you…
…and through the greatest laws we have, Isaac Newton's Inverse ratios are the second power of the relative proximity. Radiation law from Einstein, E equals mc, the second power. Little c means radio speed of light. But light goes in all directions, and the…
…beautiful thing, you can use empty sets. But we got this much, much too far in the games of probability and so forth. Einstein said, I don't think God is shooting craps. now i'm talking somebody some pretty big severe things in relation to your lives…
…I throw something and then it stops. At rest is normal, and acceleration is abnormal. And really the great contribution of Einstein, the biggest thing he was able to interpret from the experimental evidence was that that the norm is 186,000 miles per…
…no experimental evidence of what we call continuum, you have discontinuity, and you have finite energy packaging. Therefore Einstein said, an aggregate of finites of finites, so our universe is so non-unitarily conceptual that it's continually transforming…
…of finites. With this way of looking at it, I want to then get to trying to answer you in the most powerful way. Einstein then said, I see that man... When I was young, when I came to Harvard University, the scholars were still assuming that the…
…who then spent any energy was going to put the universe and everybody at a disadvantage a little more rapidly. So Einstein then said, I think that, here again, if then energies are, we do have a non-simultaneous universe, an aggregate of non-simultaneous…
…this extraordinary little constellation you see glimmering there. We're seeing a live show taking place two million years ago. Now Einstein said, the universe is an aggregate of non-simultaneous events and all of them are energy transformations and some of…
…460 years of light to get to us. Look at Andromeda and you're seeing a live show taking place a million years ago. Einstein said the universe is quite clearly an aggregate of non-simultaneous events. And each one of these events has a great duration. So…
…There's letting go all the radiation which reaches you and I to make it appear as a star. So I said what Einstein is talking about is what I call scenario universe. Scenario universe you have many many episodes different characters come in they overlap…
…system. There's an interaction between systems here. And this is why I'm talking the way Percival Bridgman talked about Einstein and developed what he called operational intelligence. this operational procedure, what is in the experiment? That's all you ever…
…what he called operational intelligence. this operational procedure, what is in the experiment? That's all you ever know. Because Einstein says, all you ever know is what's in the experiment. You must start with experience. Science begins with experience.…
…to compare with Einstein's thinking. And he had his associates like Max Planck and others who were brilliant in their thinking. But Einstein will be the most outstanding of them. And I'll talk a little about what he realized in relation to the significance…
…of the speed of light measurements. First place, when I came to Harvard before World War I, the Newtonian classical science was absolutely it. And Einstein was a name and a sort of a It was sort of a very fancy and sort of a joke kind of thing. There…
…a It was sort of a very fancy and sort of a joke kind of thing. There were some very erudite people that understood Einstein. There were 10 people that understood Einstein. So there were these 10 people on Earth who had some kind of a new idea. But…
…about, really, again, being experiential yourself and sits on going back to the data of how to come about, which is what Einstein did, you then become really overwhelmed with this great a priori mystery. Next thing, because when you really think about it,…
…on. But we find the physicists have no experimental evidence of energy either being created or being lost, so that we have Einstein with the ability to think in terms of an eternally finite regenerative universe. And so the physical part of this, of…
…more with less and to employ the highest capabilities of man. To take this prime task of looking after human beings. If, as Einstein suggests, motion is normal and everything else exists in a field of flux, how can an event be described as a finite…
…many markers. So I hope that's the right answer to that one. I've certainly been very privileged to meet extraordinary people like Einstein. But I think he himself would like to feel pretty much the way we're talking here too. Probably that's the part…
…made human beings, they know it a whole lot. Now I'll come back then to the, when my first book was, I told you about Einstein the other day, about the same book. And when the page proofs came to me for it, Einstein said, OK. And then it really was…
…book was, I told you about Einstein the other day, about the same book. And when the page proofs came to me for it, Einstein said, OK. And then it really was two years before it actually finally was getting out. that books take some time. There are…
…were two bent ones up in the sky there. This dome brought a great deal of interest at Princeton. There was a time when Einstein was there, and I understand the old man went over and looked at it a great deal. All the scientists, they were really very…
…we did meet. And I might as well really tell you a little about this because I told you about the meeting with Einstein. And these people are very fascinating to me. Mr. Einstein had extraordinary quality about him. I still don't know how much was…
…a little about this because I told you about the meeting with Einstein. And these people are very fascinating to me. Mr. Einstein had extraordinary quality about him. I still don't know how much was psychologically within me, but I really felt very much…
…to be very intriguing. There's compatibility with both accommodating both Einstein's radiation and the Newtonian gravitation, which is what Einstein hoped very much. It's your unified field theory suddenly showing up. I do realize I'm saying these things in…
…you look at, the more opportunity you have to see the orders. It became very exciting to me, thinking of these matters, when Einstein took great note of the fact that there was apparently a top speed of radiation. not just light, first he measured light,…
…second, it's radiation. So he came then to a conclusion that the universe really does have a limit on the velocity side, Einstein was thinking in contradistinction. I said to Newton, who was thinking at rest, and to Newton at rest was norm, and Einstein…
…side, Einstein was thinking in contradistinction. I said to Newton, who was thinking at rest, and to Newton at rest was norm, and Einstein said the norm is 186,000 miles a second. That is a top, and then any other thing we can, by interference in how…
…of, of Percival Bridgman at Harvard, a natural philosopher at Harvard, who invented the term early in the century when Einstein made his first announcements. And Percival Bridgman at Harvard as a natural philosopher said he was deeply interested in how…
…was caught so off guard, so unexpecting of Einstein's kind of an announcement and the viewpoint that was demonstrated by Einstein. became a great student of how all the circumstances surrounding Einstein's developing the thoughts that he had developed. And he…
…of how all the circumstances surrounding Einstein's developing the thoughts that he had developed. And he then found that Einstein was concerned with not just some data discovered in experiments, through all the circumstances surrounding that faithful reporting…
…conditions under which the discovery was made. And I will come back to that, but give a working demonstration of why Einstein felt it was so important to record all the circumstances as well as that which was especially isolated out and discovered.…
…was especially isolated out and discovered. The example that I'm going to give you is my own invention, but I did include Einstein and Einstein's philosophy and my own interpretation of how he came to develop his equation and other of his strategies in my…
…do. But it's a good, it's very fortuitous on the part of the mathematician to employ such a strategy. Now, we have Einstein saying the beginning and the end is his experience. The experience is, becomes the, quite clearly, the raw material of all science.…
…said, I have a way now of dealing with totality. I know what it is. I find it very interesting that Einstein then sought and did define physical universe in contradistinction to comprehensive universe, because he differentiated between the physical and the…
…matter, energy dissociative as the radiation, and the, and one transformable into the other. We have then the physical universe of Einstein being all energetic. As he said, it used to be called ponderable, that it was weighable. But we find that weighing…
…sounds in the airwaves, which gives you some kind of words and so forth. But the understanding is not that physical. So Einstein did not try to include the metaphysical in his definition of universe, but he defined the physical universe the following way,…
…both light and other forms of radiation, in vacuo, linearly in vacuo, and finding that they were all the same speed. Einstein, I want to identify what he thought about these stimulants that I gave you, In the terms of previous thinking proclivities…
…the eye before. So we say, well, that rocketry is vastly faster than the eye. But we haven't thought about the significance as Einstein did and Max Planck are the significance of the measurement of the speed of light. Because suddenly we had a radar, and…
…in terms of general systems theory. I'll point out to you that The physicists became very powerful when they discovered, as Einstein and Planck did, when the speed of light was measured. They said they thought that the classical scientific world was…
…And this is where the word spending came from. Spending was abhorred, because it was going to make everybody get poorer quickly. Now, Einstein and Planck said, now that we see there's a speed of light, and it takes eight minutes for the light to come to…
…inasmuch we find that energy then, this light and radiation has a speed. We have to reassess our universe altogether. And Einstein and Planck, in effect, these are not their words, but I've paraphrased large amounts of thinking. In effect, they said, our…
…In other words, it's an unintelligent question. It simply shows a complete lack of the significance of the information that was found by Einstein and Planck. It's going to take a little time for this to be disseminated. But in a sense, it was a surprise…
…like the wheel's rolling rather slowly, but it's going around very fast locally. And that's Einstein's norm. Now, I said, if Einstein is right, in due course, then, he is going to affect everything. the other scientists, and the other scientists are going…
…spoke to you about a transcendental position, one of the things I said, let's go ahead and see what the world will be like if Einstein is right. That's one of the things I did in 1927, and I saw that somewhere around 19, as I said, 25 years away, we…
…E equals MC, the second power, equals Mrs. Murphy's horsepower. And so there I see what happens in our world when Einstein is normal. And when I'd finished my book, the publishers who were considering publishing the book were Lippincott, and their editors…
…wrote me a letter saying, we're sorry we can't publish this book because you've been writing, you've written three chapters about Einstein and And in those days, only 10 men in the world were supposed to understand Einstein. They said, you're not on…
…been writing, you've written three chapters about Einstein and And in those days, only 10 men in the world were supposed to understand Einstein. They said, you're not on the list. They said, you're not on any list. So I wrote back to them. I said, why…
…on the list. They said, you're not on any list. So I wrote back to them. I said, why don't you send my typescript to Einstein? Luckily, he was still alive. He was in Princeton. So they said, well, that's a good idea. So they did. And a few months…
…A few months later, Lisa Meitner and her associate developed the first concept of the fission. very shortly after that comes fission. And Einstein then was pretty sure that they had it, was asked to go talk to Mr. Roosevelt about it. You may remember the…
…first practical application was a bomb destroying a man. I think that it didn't hit people in Hiroshima as hard as it did Mr. Einstein. I'll bet. I'm sure he was. I think he was really shocked. I know there's so much more that Mr. Fuller has to offer,…
…and sort of a joke kind of thing. There were some very erudite people that understood Einstein. There were 10 people that understood Einstein. So there were these 10 people on Earth who had some kind of a new idea. But as far as populists went and…
…thought of instant universe. Newton thought of then simultaneous events. And that is the great difference of the Einsteinian thinking was to, Einstein said, well, now we find that this light has the speed, and it takes eight minutes for the light to get…
…is a star you're seeing in a live show 7,000 years ago. And next to it is another star 300,000 years ago. Einstein said our universe is an aggregate of non-simultaneous events. This is a very fantastically important realization. So he said, I also then…
…to call infinite, I call finite but non-unitarily conceptual. This is permitted by, particularly, it's required by what Einstein began to remark regarding non-instantaneous universe. What he remarked is that if it's non-instantaneous universe, the different…
…the amount of expansion you would get, because the gram second to the second power. and to the second power because, as Einstein, when your radii are increasing the other linear, then the surface will be increasing the second power of the other linear.…
…his equation and other of his strategies in my first book, Nine Chains to the Moon. And because I had three chapters on Einstein, my publishers who were at Philadelphia at that time, this was mid-30s, about 1935, said that they found that I had three…
…my publishers who were at Philadelphia at that time, this was mid-30s, about 1935, said that they found that I had three chapters on Einstein and they, at that time, there was a sort of a general myth that only, there were only nine people in the world…
…at that time, there was a sort of a general myth that only, there were only nine people in the world who could understand Einstein. They said they'd looked at all the lists of people who understood Einstein, and I was not on any of the lists. In fact,…
…there were only nine people in the world who could understand Einstein. They said they'd looked at all the lists of people who understood Einstein, and I was not on any of the lists. In fact, they didn't find me on any list of any authority, and they…
…In fact, they didn't find me on any list of any authority, and they felt that for me to be writing three chapters on Einstein would make Livencott be accused of being a partner to charlatanry, that I was just a faker. And so I was a little stung,…
…a little stung, and still quite young, So I simply wrote back, in a sense quite facetiously, to Lippincott saying that Dr. Einstein had just come to America and was in Princeton at the newly organized Institute for Advanced Study, and I suggested they…
…it was about six months later that I had a telephone call from a doctor in New York, and he said, my friend Dr. Albert Einstein is coming in to spend the weekend with me, and he has your typescript, and he would like to talk to you about it. Could…
…of the scientists, because politicians don't listen to scientists, on how to get word to Franklin Roosevelt. So they all decided that Einstein was by far the most highly accredited of the scientists, so they asked him to go to see Franklin Roosevelt, and…
…come in the political field. It was a very extraordinary experience. But I do have the personal confidence that when I interpret Einstein and talk about him, which I do very frequently, I did have his personal approbation of my capability to do so. So…
…did have his personal approbation of my capability to do so. So I'm giving you then a hypothetical example of what Einstein employed a strategy of thinking which brought about Bridgman's development of the word operational. Now, I'm going to give you then…
…timing. Everything came out. Each one was really very, very accurate. And they all come out completely differently. And for this reason, Einstein then felt that all the circumstances must be reported, and not just what it is you happen to find on your…
…And now, putting together all I can about all the total information I've received, I've come to the working conclusion, as Einstein did, that energies given off here re-associate there. And we have to pay attention to the fact that the physicists have…
…than, rest being death, than normal, quicker than death. We have then, in view of what I've just said to you, Einstein being informed that radiation did have a speed, and astronomers imploring us right away, discovering that it took light eight minutes…
…us right away, discovering that it took light eight minutes to come to Earth from the Sun. And I'm going to use items that Einstein did not use, but you're very familiar with the Big Dipper, the big bear. And as we go in the first star and the…
…and the peddlers and the other bright star. One is a live show 1500 years ago, another 1100 years ago. So Einstein said the universe is an aggregate of non-simultaneous and only partially overlapping energy events. Each one of these great energy events,…
…a star the same, and the star has its duration. So there are beginnings and endings of these local energy systems. But Einstein said, I don't think that in this non-simultaneous universe that the energies that are being given off by this one might be…
…was importing all the time. So there's a pulsing of the universe, but the energy is not getting lost. So Einstein said, in contradistinction then, the conservatives who thought the universe was entropic and nothing else, therefore the universe was running…
…who thought the universe was entropic and nothing else, therefore the universe was running down and coming apart. Boltzmann and Einstein then think in the terms of could be that the energies dissociating here are associating there. And so out of…
…century, makes it really quite clear, as far as experiment and evidence goes, universe is eternally regenerative. Now, we have, as Einstein said, each of the energy events. Again, we have this beautiful photon. We've gone down to Planck. We've gone down to…
…have then a scenario. Universe is then non-unitarily conceptual. single frames are unitarily conceptual. So the universe is defined by Einstein as non-unitarily conceptual. So we have him, and it is finite because there's an aggregate of finites, and it is…
…is a dictionary? It actually is a meaningless question in the terms of scenario universe. Once you realize what it was Einstein was really introducing here. So we have aggregates and finites. Now, I felt that I could expand Einstein's scenario of physical…
…of finites is finite. Our universe is described as finite. But as we saw in that great scenario as described by Einstein, we have a universe and not only the physical universe, but the metaphysical universe is an aggregate of non-simultaneous and only…